Dopamine supplier | CasNO.51-61-6

Name
3-Hydroxytyramine
EINECS 200-110-0
CAS No. 51-61-6
Article Data59
CAS DataBase
Density 1.248 g/cm³
Solubility
Melting Point 218-220 oC
Formula C₈H₁₁NO₂
Boiling Point 337.69 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 153.181
Flash Point 158.03 °C
Transport Information
Appearance
Safety
Risk Codes
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols
Synonyms Pyrocatechol,4-(2-aminoethyl)- (8CI);2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanamine;2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine;3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine;3-Hydroxytyramine;4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol;4-(2-Aminoethyl)catechol;Hydroxytyramin;NSC 173182;Oxytyramine;
PSA 66.48000
LogP 1.29930

Synthetic route

: 59-92-7
levodopa

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase In various solvent(s) at 30℃; for 48h;	82%
beim Erhitzen ueber den Schmelzpunkt;
With NH4OH-NH4Cl buffer; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at 30℃; for 0.5h; relative rate of CO2 evolution by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase from Micrococcus percitreus;

: 554-52-9
3-Methoxytyramine

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; copper(II) perchlorate; ascorbic acid In water	19%
With P4502D6 Kinetics; Enzymatic reaction;

: 81666-88-8
3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With barium nitrite; sulfuric acid Diazotization.und Eingiessen der Loesung in siedende Kupfersulfat-Loesung;

: 120-20-7
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamine

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride at 170℃;
With hydrogen bromide at 130℃;
With hydrogenchloride at 150℃;

: 525-72-4, 27740-96-1, 53622-83-6, 78579-88-1
(+/-)-salsolinol

A: 51-61-6
dopamine

B: 53405-13-3, 102917-28-2
1,2,3,4-tetrahdyro-1-methylisopquinoline-7,8-diol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water at 180℃; for 28h; Product distribution; var. time;

: 57894-18-5
2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-dioxoisoindoline

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrazine

: 37034-31-4
N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)dopamine

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With methoxybenzene; trifluoroacetic acid
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: caesium carbonate / acetone / 24 h / 20 °C 2: chloro-trimethyl-silane / methanol / 20 °C 3: aq. buffer / pH 7.2 / Irradiation View Scheme

: 37034-22-3
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal

: 4747-99-3
Norlaudanosolin

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water at 180℃; for 66h; Mechanism; other tetraisoquinolines;

: 76734-99-1
2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-acetylamino-6-(N-acetyl-2''-aminoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin

A: 51-61-6
dopamine

B: 499-61-6
arterenone

C: 29477-54-1
2-hydroxy-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride at 110℃; for 3h;

...Expand

: 76734-99-1
2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-acetylamino-6-(N-acetyl-2''-aminoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin

A: 51-61-6
dopamine

B: 29477-54-1
2-hydroxy-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride for 3h; Heating;

: 619-60-3
4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenol

: C8H10NO2

A: 51-61-6
dopamine

B: 54737-34-7
4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenoxyl radical

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In water Equilibrium constant; Irradiation;

...Expand

: 50673-96-6
dopaminoquinone

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Rate constant; pH 7.00; reaction with substrate reduced glucose oxidase;
With citric acid In phosphate buffer pH=6.3;
With sulfuric acid In water at 22℃; pH=1; Electrolysis; Inert atmosphere;

α-amino-β-<3.4-dioxy-phenyl>-propionic acid: α-amino-β-<3.4-dioxy-phenyl>-propionic acid

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
ueber den Schmelzpunkt;

3.4-dihydroxy-DL-mandelonitrile: 3.4-dihydroxy-DL-mandelonitrile

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; platinum Hydrogenation;

: 463-79-6
carbonic-acid

: 120-20-7
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamine

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen iodide

: 51-67-2
tyrosamine

: 7722-84-1
dihydrogen peroxide

: iron(II) sulfate

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Reaktion des Hydrochlorids;

...Expand

4-<2-amino-<1-14C>ethyl>-pyrocatechol: 4-<2-amino-<1-14C>ethyl>-pyrocatechol

: 51-61-6
dopamine

4-<2-amino-<1,1-3H2>ethyl>-pyrocatechol: 4-<2-amino-<1,1-3H2>ethyl>-pyrocatechol

: 51-61-6
dopamine

4-<2-amino-<2-14C>ethyl>-pyrocatechol: 4-<2-amino-<2-14C>ethyl>-pyrocatechol

: 51-61-6
dopamine

4-<2-amino-ethyl>-<3-14C>pyrocatechol: 4-<2-amino-ethyl>-<3-14C>pyrocatechol

: 51-61-6
dopamine

4-<2-amino-ethyl>-<4-14C>pyrocatechol: 4-<2-amino-ethyl>-<4-14C>pyrocatechol

: 51-61-6
dopamine

4-<2-amino-ethyl>-<5-14C>pyrocatechol: 4-<2-amino-ethyl>-<5-14C>pyrocatechol

: 51-61-6
dopamine

tyramine hydrochloride: tyramine hydrochloride

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; iron(II) sulfate

: 7664-93-9
sulfuric acid

: 81666-88-8
3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine

barium nitrite: barium nitrite

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
und Eintragen der Diazoloesung in siedende konzentrierte Kupfersulfat-Loesung;

...Expand

: 51-67-2
tyrosamine

A: 51-61-6
dopamine

B: 50673-96-6
dopaminoquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tyrosinase In phosphate buffer for 0.333333h; pH=6.3;

: 37627-79-5
N-[2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)ethyl]phthalimide

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 14 percent / oxygen, cupric perchlorate, ascorbic acid / H2O; acetone / 24 h / 60 °C 2: NH2NH2 View Scheme

: 23699-77-6
tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethylcarbamate

: 51-61-6
dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 28 percent / oxygen, cupric perchlorate, ascorbic acid, monosodium ascorbate / H2O; acetone / 27 h / 20 °C 2: TFA, PhOMe View Scheme

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 21581-49-7
4-(2-aminoethyl)-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With phosphate buffer pH 7.4; sodium nitrite Ambient temperature;	100%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 7339-87-9
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde

: 5843-65-2, 17072-47-8, 106032-53-5, 22672-77-1
(1S)-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With CjNCS2 In acetonitrile at 37℃; for 3h; pH=7.4; Enzymatic reaction;	99%
With recombinant Thalictrum flavum norcoclaurine synthase; 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol In methanol; water at 20℃; for 3h; pH=7; Pictet-Spengler cyclisation; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction;
With Norcoclaurine synthase Enzymatic reaction;

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 112-77-6
(Z)-9-octadecenoyl chloride

: 105955-11-1
N-oleoyldopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 5h; Cooling with ice;	97%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 75-87-6
chloral

: 115710-37-7
1-trichloromethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With trifluoroacetic acid Heating;	95%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: D-(+)-ribonic acid gamma-lactone

: dopamine ribonamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: dopamine; D-(+)-ribonic acid gamma-lactone In methanol for 0.166667h; Stage #2: With triethylamine In methanol for 4h; Reflux; Darkness;	94.1%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 10199-34-5, 14056-88-3, 15604-36-1
cis-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II)

: Pt(P(C6H5)3)2(O2C6H3CH2CH2NH2)*0.5CH2Cl2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide; dichloromethane In methanol; benzene to a suspn. of substituted catechol in benzene was added MeOH soln. of KOH; prepd. soln. was syringed into suspn. of Pt complex in benzene; stirring at room temp. for 3.5 h (Ar); filtration, evapn., washing with water, drying in vac., dissoln. in CH2Cl2, filtration, evapn., washing with ether, drying in vac.; elem. anal.;	94%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 75991-86-5
demethyldihydrocorynantheine

: 3-[(E)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethylimino]-2-((2S,3R,12bS)-3-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydro-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol for 4h; Ambient temperature;	93%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 6-nitrodopamine hydrogen sulphate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; sodium nitrite	93%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 555-16-8
4-nitrobenzaldehdye

: 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine; 1,1,1,3',3',3'-hexafluoro-propanol for 8h; Pictet-Spengler Synthesis; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;	93%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 66753-05-7
<5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H8>arachidonic acid

: N-[5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H8]arachidonoyl-3-hydroxytyramine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: <5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H8>arachidonic acid With triethylamine; isobutyl chloroformate In acetonitrile at 23℃; for 2h; Stage #2: dopamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 23℃; for 20h;	91%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 21814-48-2
1-chloro-7-methoxy-4-nitro-10H-acridin-9-one

: 1-((3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)-7-methoxy-4-nitroacridin-9(10H)-one

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With caesium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane for 9h; Heating;	90.1%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 5707-55-1
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With Halomonas elongata/Co imm pyridoxal phosphate In toluene at 37℃; for 0.25h; pH=7.5; Flow reactor; Enzymatic reaction;	90%
With monoamine oxidases
With transaminase from chromobacterium violaceum; sodium pyruvate Enzymatic reaction;

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 85-44-9
phthalic anhydride

: 57894-18-5
2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-dioxoisoindoline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 100 - 150℃; Green chemistry;	90%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 64-18-6
formic acid

: 75-87-6
chloral

: 115684-30-5
6,7-Dihydroxy-1-trichloromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbaldehyde

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Heating;	89%

...Expand

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 17689-17-7
6-mercaptocaproic acid

: C14H21NO3S

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 6-mercaptocaproic acid With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.25h; Stage #2: dopamine With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 3h;	89%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 108-77-0
1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-triazine

: 121-44-8
triethylamine

: 2,4,6-Tris-(2-[3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h; Cooling with ice;	86%

...Expand

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 24424-99-5
di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

: 37034-31-4
N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)dopamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With TEA In methanol for 0.5h;	85.5%
With sodium hydroxide; potassium hydrogensulfate In 1,4-dioxane; water; ethyl acetate	2.6 g (78%)

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 86-51-1
2,3-dimethyoxybenzaldehyde

: 4-(2-{[1-(2,3-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 110℃; for 1h;	85%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 814-49-3
diethyl chlorophosphate

: diethyl 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylphosphoramidate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 5 - 40℃; for 2h;	85%

: 14371-10-9
(E)-3-phenylpropenal

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-((E)-3-phenylallylidene)ethanamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol for 24h; Reagent/catalyst; Reflux;	83%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 501-53-1
benzyl chloroformate

: 37034-22-3
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium carbonate In diethyl ether; water at 0 - 20℃; for 3h;	82%
With diethyl ether; sodium hydrogencarbonate
With sodium hydroxide In water; toluene at 5 - 10℃; for 2h;

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 23911-26-4
diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride

: 147666-97-5
N,N'-bis(3-hydroxytyramide)diethylenetriamine N,N',N''-triacetic Acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With ascorbic acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃;	79%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 103-71-9
phenyl isocyanate

: 1-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-phenyl-urea

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine for 6h;	78%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 3173-53-3
Cyclohexyl isocyanate

: 1-cyclohexyl-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-urea

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine for 6h;	78%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 60-33-3
linoleic acid

: 105955-12-2
(Z,Z)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-octadeca-9,12-dienamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: linoleic acid With 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: dopamine In dichloromethane for 12h;	77%
Stage #1: linoleic acid With O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate; triethylamine In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: dopamine In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 12h;

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 28920-43-6
(fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl chloride

: (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)carbamate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: dopamine With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water at 0℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: (fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl chloride In water; acetonitrile at 0 - 20℃; for 17.5h;	77%
Stage #1: dopamine With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water at 0℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: (fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl chloride In acetonitrile at 0 - 20℃; for 17.5h;	77%
In water at 60℃; for 4h; chemoselective reaction;	75%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 27200-79-9
p-bromophenylacetaldehyde

: 1421820-24-7
(1S)-1-(4-bromobenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With CjNCS2 In acetonitrile at 37℃; for 3h; pH=7.4; Enzymatic reaction;	77%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 2129-31-9
4-diphenylphosphanobenzoic acid

: 1439488-81-9
C27H24NO3P

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4-diphenylphosphanobenzoic acid With N-Bromosuccinimide; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 2h; Stage #2: dopamine With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃;	76.8%

: 51-61-6
dopamine

: 123-08-0
4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde

: 4-(2-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; acetic acid In methanol Molecular sieve; Dean-Stark; Reflux;	76%

Dopamine History

The function of Dopamine (CAS NO.51-61-6) as a neurotransmitter was discovered in 1958 by Arvid Carlsson and Nils-?ke Hillarp at the Laboratory for Chemical Pharmacology of the National Heart Institute of Sweden. It was named dopamine(51-61-6) because it was a monoamine, and its synthetic precursor was 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). Arvid Carlsson was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for showing that dopamine(51-61-6) is not just a precursor of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) but a neurotransmitter, as well.
Dopamine(51-61-6) was first synthesized in 1910 by George Barger and James Ewens at Wellcome Laboratories in London, England.

Dopamine Specification

The CAS registry number of Dopamine is 51-61-6. In addition, the molecular formula is C₈H₁₁NO₂. It is a catecholamine neurotransmitter which present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. And it is produced in several areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. Moreover, its main function as a hormone is to inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

Physical properties about this chemical are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.05; (2)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (3)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (4)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1; (5)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1; (6)#H bond acceptors: 3; (7)#H bond donors: 4; (8)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 5; (9)Polar Surface Area: 66.48 Å²; (10)Index of Refraction: 1.619; (11)Molar Refractivity: 43.101 cm³; (12)Molar Volume: 122.788 cm³; (13)Polarizability: 17.086 ×10^-24cm³; (14)Surface Tension: 60.841 dyne/cm; (15)Density: 1.248 g/cm³; (16)Flash Point: 158.03 °C; (17)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 60.399 kJ/mol; (18)Boiling Point: 337.69 °C at 760 mmHg.

Preparation of Dopamine: it is synthesized by demethylation of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine through using hydrogen bromide.

Dopamine is synthesized by demethylation of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine through using hydrogen bromide

Uses of Dopamine: it can be used as a medicinal agent. And it is available as an intravenous medication acting on the sympathetic nervous system, and can increase heart rate and blood pressure. In addition, it can react with N-Methoxydiacetamide to get N-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenethyl)-acetamide. This reaction will need reagent sodium acetate and solvent dimethylformamide. The reaction time is 4.5 hours with ambient temperature. The yield is about 31%.

Dopamine can react with N-Methoxydiacetamide to get N-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenethyl)-acetamide

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: c1cc(c(cc1CCN)O)O
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2
(3)InChIKey: VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYAA

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	unreported	1120mg/kg (1120mg/kg)		Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. Vol. 24(4), Pg. 42, 1990.
mouse	LD50	intracervical	74mg/kg (74mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)	Tohoku Yakka Daigaku Kenkyu Nempo. Annual Report of the Tohoku College of Pharmacy. Vol. 27, Pg. 131, 1980.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	950mg/kg (950mg/kg)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE	Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 8, Pg. 835, 1974.
mouse	LD50	intravenous	59mg/kg (59mg/kg)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE	Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 8, Pg. 835, 1974.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	163mg/kg (163mg/kg)	LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: "CHANGES IN TUBULES (INCLUDING ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS)"	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 88, Pg. 433, 1987.

Product Name

3-Hydroxytyramine

Synthetic route

Dopamine History

Dopamine Specification

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