4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-<4-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-oxobutyl>-4-piperidinol
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In dimethyl sulfoxide at 160℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; Microwave irradiation; Anhydrous conditions; | 99% |
With hydrogen fluoride; potassium oxalate; potassium carbonate; [2.2.2]cryptande | 65% |
With hydrogen fluoride; potassium oxalate; potassium carbonate; [2.2.2]cryptande In dimethyl sulfoxide at 160℃; for 0.333333h; | 60% |
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-n-butyl chloride
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 24h; Temperature; | 88% |
With potassium iodide In toluene for 45h; Reflux; | 85% |
With potassium iodide In toluene at 130℃; for 45h; Sealed tube; | 79% |
4-<4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino>-1,1-ethylenedioxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butane
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In methanol for 6h; Heating; | 65% |
With hydrogenchloride In methanol for 2h; Heating; | 65% |
4-fluorophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine; bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0); acetone; [2-((diphenylphospino)methyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl]bis[diphenylphosphine] In toluene at 130℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; | 37% |
Chlorohaloperidol
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide |
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 78 percent / acetic acid; NaCNBH3 / methanol / 30 h / 20 °C 2: 65 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: K2CO3, KI / dimethylformamide / 17.5 h / 100 °C 2: 65 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 6 h / Heating View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: potassium iodide / toluene / 48 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere 2: bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0); [2-((diphenylphospino)methyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl]bis[diphenylphosphine]; acetone; 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine / toluene / 20 h / 130 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme |
methyl 3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-propionate
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 83 percent / p-TsOH / benzene / 20 h / Heating 2: 93 percent / DIBAL-H / CH2Cl2; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C 3: 78 percent / acetic acid; NaCNBH3 / methanol / 30 h / 20 °C 4: 65 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme |
3-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]propionaldehyde
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 78 percent / acetic acid; NaCNBH3 / methanol / 30 h / 20 °C 2: 65 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme |
3-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]propionic acid methyl ester
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 93 percent / DIBAL-H / CH2Cl2; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C 2: 78 percent / acetic acid; NaCNBH3 / methanol / 30 h / 20 °C 3: 65 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme |
(4-aminophenyl)(cyclopropyl)methanone
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 1) HBF4, NaNO2, 2) Cu, NaNO2 / 1) H2O, 30 min, 2) H2O, 1 h 2: 75 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 0.5 h / 120 °C 3: 31 percent / KI / toluene / 100 - 110 °C 4: 60 percent / HF, potassium carbonate, potassium oxalate, kryptofix 222 / dimethylsulfoxide / 0.33 h / 160 °C View Scheme |
1-(4-acetylaminophenyl)-4-chloro-1-butanone
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps 1: 90 percent / 4 M NaOH / ethanol / 2 h / Heating 2: 1) HBF4, NaNO2, 2) Cu, NaNO2 / 1) H2O, 30 min, 2) H2O, 1 h 3: 75 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 0.5 h / 120 °C 4: 31 percent / KI / toluene / 100 - 110 °C 5: 60 percent / HF, potassium carbonate, potassium oxalate, kryptofix 222 / dimethylsulfoxide / 0.33 h / 160 °C View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps 1: 20 percent / AlCl3 / CS2 / room temperature, 30 min; 60 deg C, 2 h 2: 90 percent / 4 M NaOH / ethanol / 2 h / Heating 3: 1) HBF4, NaNO2, 2) Cu, NaNO2 / 1) H2O, 30 min, 2) H2O, 1 h 4: 75 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 0.5 h / 120 °C 5: 31 percent / KI / toluene / 100 - 110 °C 6: 60 percent / HF, potassium carbonate, potassium oxalate, kryptofix 222 / dimethylsulfoxide / 0.33 h / 160 °C View Scheme |
cyclopropyl(4-nitrophenyl)methanone
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 75 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 0.5 h / 120 °C 2: 31 percent / KI / toluene / 100 - 110 °C 3: 60 percent / HF, potassium carbonate, potassium oxalate, kryptofix 222 / dimethylsulfoxide / 0.33 h / 160 °C View Scheme |
4-chloro-4'-nitrobutyrophenone
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 31 percent / KI / toluene / 100 - 110 °C 2: 60 percent / HF, potassium carbonate, potassium oxalate, kryptofix 222 / dimethylsulfoxide / 0.33 h / 160 °C View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / 12 h / Heating 2: K2CO3, KI / dimethylformamide / 17.5 h / 100 °C 3: 65 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 6 h / Heating View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: K2CO3, KI / dimethylformamide / 17.5 h / 100 °C 2: 65 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 6 h / Heating View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: AlCl3 2: toluene View Scheme |
4-Brom-4-(4-chlor-phenyl)-piperidin
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: NaOH-solution; water 2: toluene View Scheme |
reduced haloperidol
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With manganese dioxide In chloroform |
1-(4-chlorobut-1-yn-1-yl)-4-fluorobenzene
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: iron(III) chloride; water; silver(I) triflimide / 1,4-dioxane / 18 h 2: potassium iodide / toluene / 25 h / 125 °C View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide; water / 1,4-dioxane / 100 °C 2: potassium iodide; sodium hydrogencarbonate / toluene / 100 °C View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: iodine; magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 60 - 70 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 6 h / 30 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.3: 3 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal / water / 24 h / 25 °C / 750.08 Torr 3.1: potassium carbonate; potassium iodide / acetonitrile / 24 h / 75 °C View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: iodine; magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 60 - 70 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 6 h / 30 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.3: 3 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal / water / 24 h / 25 °C / 750.08 Torr 3.1: potassium carbonate; potassium iodide / acetonitrile / 24 h / 75 °C View Scheme |
N-benzyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal / water / 24 h / 25 °C / 750.08 Torr 2: potassium carbonate; potassium iodide / acetonitrile / 24 h / 75 °C View Scheme |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate; water-d2 In toluene at 100℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction; | 97% |
With [(N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-butanediimine)Ni(μ−H)]2; deuterium at -196 - 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 24h; Reagent/catalyst; Sealed tube; | 32 mg |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 96.7% |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With perfluoro-cis-2-n-butyl-3-n-propyloxaziridine; HCFC-225ca,cb In dichloromethane at -60℃; for 0.333333h; | 96% |
In CaH2; dichloromethane | 71% |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bis(η3-allyl-μ-chloropalladium(II)); 1-deuteriodiphenylmethanol; 3-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)imidazolium chloride; caesium carbonate In toluene at 90℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol; chloroform at 20℃; for 0.75h; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 5h; Heating; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 5h; Heating; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C17H24N5Ru(1+)*F6P(1-); potassium acetate; potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 35℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 92% |
haloperidol
3-trifluoromethylaniline
1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-4-(4-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)piperidin-1-yl)butan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Pd-PEPPSI-(2,6-(3-pentyl)pentylphenyl-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene)Cl-o-picoline; caesium carbonate In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 45℃; for 24h; Buchwald-Hartwig Coupling; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | 91% |
haloperidol
reduced haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tetrahydroborate In methanol at 20℃; for 1.33333h; | 90% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate In ethanol at 0 - 20℃; | 90% |
With human liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 1; NADPH In phosphate buffer at 25℃; pH=6.0; Enzyme kinetics; Further Variations:; Reagents; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: haloperidol With copper diacetate; 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl In tetrahydrofuran for 0.0833333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 1,2-propanediene With (dimethoxy)methylsilane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 3h; Ambient temperature; | 89% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol; chloroform at 20℃; for 0.75h; | 89% |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [(N,N’-bis(1R,2R,3R,5S)-(−)-isopinocampheyl-1,2-ethanediimine-radical)NiI(μ2-H)]2; deuterium at -196 - 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 24h; Reagent/catalyst; Sealed tube; | 89% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trifluoroborane diethyl ether In methanol; hexane; dichloromethane; ethyl acetate | 88% |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: haloperidol With C40H55Cl5N3Pd In toluene at 0℃; for 0.0833333h; Negishi Coupling; Inert atmosphere; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: 1-ethylpropylzinc bromide In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at 23℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran for 2h; Solvent; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 88% |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C37H40MnN2O2P2(1+)*Br(1-); sodium t-butanolate In isopropyl alcohol; toluene at 50℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; enantioselective reaction; | 85% |
haloperidol
B
4-<4-hydroxy-4-(4-aminophenyl)piperidinyl>-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butanone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C46H71Cl3N2Pd; ammonia; sodium t-butanolate In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | A n/a B 84% |
haloperidol
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-<4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl>-1,2,3,6-tetrahydopyridine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; acetic acid for 24h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | 84% |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-S-fluoromethyl-S-(2-pyridyl)sulfoximine With potassium hexamethylsilazane In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: haloperidol In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; stereoselective reaction; | 82% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 3h; Heating; | 80% |
haloperidol
2-(aminooxy)-N,N-diethylethanamine dihydrochloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine In ethanol for 32h; Heating; | 76.9% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium amide for 1h; Heating; | 75% |
haloperidol
4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)piperidin-4-ol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [(C6H6)(PCy3)(CO)RuH]+*BF4−; hydrogen; phenol In 1,4-dioxane; isopropyl alcohol under 1520.1 Torr; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; chemoselective reaction; | 68% |
haloperidol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine In ethanol for 32h; Heating; | 67.7% |
3-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)propionic acid
haloperidol
C29H36ClFN2O5
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)propionic acid; haloperidol With dmap In dichloromethane for 0.5h; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 25h; Cooling with ice; | 64.6% |
EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.
The Haloperidol, with the CAS registry number 52-86-8 and EINECS registry number 200-155-6, has the systematic name of 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one. It is a kind of white crystalline powder, and belongs to the following product categories: Organics; Aromatics; Heterocycles; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals; Pharmaceuticals; Dopamine receptor; Dopamine. The molecular formula of this chemical is C21H23ClFNO2.
The physical properties of Haloperidol are as following: (1)ACD/LogP: 3.76; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.232; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.931; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.261; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 63.047; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 7.871; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 393.605; (9)#H bond acceptors: 3; (10)#H bond donors: 1; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 7; (12)Polar Surface Area: 40.54 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.581; (14)Molar Refractivity: 101.012 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 303.279 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 40.044×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 47.906 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.239 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 273.75 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 84.63 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 529.034 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C.
Preparation of Haloperidol: It can be prepared by the condensation of 4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with γ-chloro-p-Fluorophenyl methyl ethyl ketone. And the intermediate γ-chloro-fluoro-butanone can be prepared by fluorobenzene, γ-butyrolactone and thionyl chloride.
Uses of Haloperidol: It is an effective agent in treatment of symptoms associated with schizophrenia, and it is also used in the control of the symptoms of: (1)Acute psychosis; (2)Acute manic phases until the concomitantly given first-line drugs; (3)Otherwise uncontrollable severe behavioral disorders in children and adolescents; (4)Agitation and confusion associated with cerebral sclerosis; (5)Adjunctive treatment of alcohol and opioid withdrawal; (6)Treatment of nausea, vomiting, and delirium in palliative care; (7)Treatment of neurological disorders such as tic disorders; (8)Tourette syndrome, and chorea; (9)Treatment of severe nausea/emesi; (10)Adjunctive treatment of severe chronic pain, always together with analgesics; (11)Therapeutic trial in personality disorders; (12)Also used in the treatment of intractable hiccups.
You should be cautious while dealing with this chemical. It irritates eyes, respiratory system and skin, and it is also toxic if swallowed. And it may cause sensitization by skin contact. What's more, it may impair fertility and harm to the unborn child. Therefore, you had better take the following instructions: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection, and in case of contacting with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice; In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible); Avoid exposure - obtain special instruction before use.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: c1cc(ccc1C(=O)CCCN2CCC(CC2)(c3ccc(cc3)Cl)O)F
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C21H23ClFNO2/c22-18-7-5-17(6-8-18)21(26)11-14-24(15-12-21)13-1-2-20(25)16-3-9-19(23)10-4-16/h3-10,26H,1-2,11-15H2
(3)InChIKey: LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYAL
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cat | LD50 | subcutaneous | > 2500ug/kg (2.5mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961. | |
child | TDLo | oral | 72ug/kg (0.072mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) | American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 143, Pg. 1176, 1985. |
child | TDLo | unreported | 375ug/kg/3D (0.375mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) | Lancet. Vol. 2, Pg. 479, 1980. |
dog | LD50 | intravenous | 18mg/kg (18mg/kg) | Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 8, Pg. 770, 1967. | |
dog | LD50 | oral | 90mg/kg (90mg/kg) | Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 8, Pg. 770, 1967. | |
dog | LD50 | subcutaneous | > 80mg/kg (80mg/kg) | Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 8, Pg. 770, 1967. | |
human | TDLo | oral | 71ug/kg (0.071mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT | Journal of Clinical Pyschopharmacology. Vol. 5, Pg. 120, 1985. |
human | TDLo | unreported | 9800ug/kg/28D (9.8mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 32, Pg. 911, 1982. |
infant | TDLo | unreported | 280ug/kg (0.28mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: AGGRESSION BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY | Acta Paediatrica. Vol. 82, Pg. 877, 1993. |
mammal (species unspecified) | LD50 | oral | 80mg/kg (80mg/kg) | Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. For English translation, see DBIOAM and DKBSAS. Vol. 320, Pg. 242, 1991. | |
mammal (species unspecified) | LD50 | unreported | 80mg/kg (80mg/kg) | Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. Vol. 24(7), Pg. 27, 1990. | |
man | TDLo | multiple routes | 343ug/kg (0.343mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR | Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 76, Pg. 546, 1983. |
man | TDLo | multiple routes | 1mg/kg/1D-I (1mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS | Journal of Clinical Pyschopharmacology. Vol. 3, Pg. 338, 1983. |
man | TDLo | oral | 480ug/kg/6D-I (0.48mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY | American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 142, Pg. 389, 1985. |
man | TDLo | oral | 9mg/kg/30W-I (9mg/kg) | PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FASCICULATIONS | Biological Psychiatry. Vol. 22, Pg. 111, 1987. |
man | TDLo | unreported | 500ug/kg/5D-I (0.5mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 250, Pg. 485, 1983. |
monkey | LD50 | subcutaneous | > 1250ug/kg (1.25mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961. | |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 30mg/kg (30mg/kg) | Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. Vol. 111, Pg. 293, 1972. | |
mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 13mg/kg (13mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961. |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 71mg/kg (71mg/kg) | Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. Vol. 31, Pg. 442, 1976. | |
mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 41mg/kg (41mg/kg) | Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 1, Pg. 74, 1967. | |
mouse | LD50 | unreported | 18mg/kg (18mg/kg) | Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 3, Pg. 432, 1962. | |
rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 8mg/kg (8mg/kg) | Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 8, Pg. 770, 1967. | |
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 27mg/kg (27mg/kg) | "Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 190, 1972. | |
rat | LD50 | intravenous | 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 24, Pg. 45, 1974. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 128mg/kg (128mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 24, Pg. 45, 1974. | |
rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 60mg/kg (60mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 24, Pg. 45, 1974. | |
women | TDLo | intravenous | 18300ug/kg/7D (18.3mg/kg) | CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) CARDIAC: EKG CHANGES NOT DIAGNOSTIC OF ABOVE | Annals of Pharmacotherpy. Vol. 33, Pg. 1046, 1999. |
women | TDLo | oral | 100ug/kg/10D- (0.1mg/kg) | BLOOD: AGRANULOCYTOSIS | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Vol. 35, Pg. 248, 1987. |
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