Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; mer-Os(PPh3)3HBr(CO) In toluene at 150℃; under 51680 Torr; for 3h; | 100% |
With hydrogen; sodium methylate; chromium(0) hexacarbonyl In methanol at 120℃; under 75006 Torr; for 3h; | 100% |
With hydrogen; Ru((R,R)-cyP2N2)HCl In benzene-d6 at 20℃; under 2280.15 Torr; for 12h; Product distribution / selectivity; Alkaline conditions; Cooling with liquid nitrogen; | 100% |
methanol
Isopropyl acetate
A
acetic acid methyl ester
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine at 20℃; under 8250660 Torr; for 2h; Product distribution; | A 100% B n/a |
methanol
isopropyl benzoate
A
benzoic acid methyl ester
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine at 20℃; under 8250660 Torr; for 2h; Product distribution; | A 100% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gas byproducts: CH3CHCH2; decomposition at a pressure of ca. 0.01 mm of Hg at 700°C; org. compounds collected in a liquid-N2 trap; NMR; GC; mass spectra; | A n/a B 100% |
hexakis[μ-(2-propanolato)]hexakis(2-propanolato)tetraaluminum
3-mercaptopropionic acid
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene exclusion of moisture, addn. of 3-mercaptopropionic acid in benzene to Al(OiPr)3 in benzene (molar ratio 2:1), refluxing; elem. anal.; | A 100% B n/a |
piperazine
titanium(IV) isopropylate
dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-one
A
11-(1-piperazinyl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 170℃; for 5h; Heating / reflux; | A 99% B n/a |
hexakis[μ-(2-propanolato)]hexakis(2-propanolato)tetraaluminum
3-mercaptopropionic acid
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene exclusion of moisture, addn. of 3-mercaptopropionic acid in benzene to Al(OiPr)3 in benzene (molar ratio 1:1), refluxing; elem. anal.; | A 99% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
2-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.7% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.6% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
2-((4-chlorophenylamino)methyl)phenol
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.6% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-p-anisidine
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.4% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
4-bromo-2-(((4-bromophenyl)amino)methyl)phenol
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.3% B n/a |
4-bromo-2-(((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)phenol
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.2% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
2-(2-chloro-anilinomethyl)-phenol
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.2% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
2-((p-toluidino)methyl)phenol
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.1% B n/a |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
N-phenyl-N-2-hydroxy-5-bromobenzylamine
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 98.1% B n/a |
pyridine
A
isopropyl chloride
B
cis-Cl(py)Pt(COMe)[C(OiPr)(Me)]
C
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran-d8 at 55℃; for 21h; | A n/a B 98% C n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanol; boron trichloride In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 0.05h; Green chemistry; | 98% |
cis-di-2-propanolato-bis(8-quinolinato)-titanium(IV)
4-bromo-2-(((2-bromophenyl)amino)methyl)phenol
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100 - 120℃; for 4 - 5h; Heating; | A 97.8% B n/a |
hexakis[μ-(2-propanolato)]hexakis(2-propanolato)tetraaluminum
mercaptoacetic acid
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene exclusion of moisture, addn. of 2-mercaptoacetic acid in benzene to Al(OiPr)3 in benzene (molar ratio 3:1), refluxing; elem. anal.; | A 96% B n/a |
titanium(IV) isopropylate
3,4-dimercaptotoluene
A
C13H20O2S2Ti
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene N2-atmosphere; azeotropic distn. of i-PrOH, evapn. (reduced pressure), repeated dissoln. in petroleum, evapn. (reduced pressure); | A 95% B n/a |
propene
acetic acid
A
di-isopropyl ether
B
Isopropyl acetate
C
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; cesium nitrate; tungstophosphoric acid; water; mixture of, dried, tabletted at 105.6 - 165℃; under 6750.68 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Gas phase; | A 2.3% B 94.7% C 2.8% |
hexakis[μ-(2-propanolato)]hexakis(2-propanolato)tetraaluminum
mercaptoacetic acid
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene exclusion of moisture, addn. of 2-mercaptoacetic acid in benzene to Al(OiPr)3 in benzene (molar ratio 1:1), refluxing (100°C bath temp.); slow evapn. (3 h), ppt. is filtered and dried under reduced pressure, elem. anal.; | A 94% B n/a |
hexakis[μ-(2-propanolato)]hexakis(2-propanolato)tetraaluminum
mercaptoacetic acid
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene exclusion of moisture, addn. of 2-mercaptoacetic acid in benzene to Al(OiPr)3 in benzene (molar ratio 2:1), refluxing; elem. anal.; | A 93% B n/a |
1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid
acetone
A
di-isopropyl ether
B
1,3-dimethyl-5-isopropylbarbituric acid
C
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid; acetone Stage #2: With sulfuric acid; hydrogen; platinum on activated charcoal In water under 3878.61 Torr; for 48h; | A n/a B 92% C n/a |
benzaldehyde
isopropylamine
acetophenone
A
2,4,6-triphenylpyridine
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate at 120℃; for 5h; Neat (no solvent); regioselective reaction; | A 92% B 90 %Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen at 180℃; under 37503.8 Torr; Catalytic behavior; chemoselective reaction; | A 91.2% B 7.8% |
With hydrogen In water at 179.84℃; under 22502.3 Torr; for 10h; Autoclave; | A 76% B 9% |
With hydrogen In water at 130℃; under 30003 Torr; for 24h; |
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine
titanium(IV) isopropylate
dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-one
A
O-Dealkyl Quetiapine
B
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 170℃; for 5.5h; Heating / reflux; | A 91% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 90℃; for 6h; | 100% |
for 6h; Reflux; | 99% |
With 1-hydro-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium 4-methyl-benzenesulfonate at 60℃; Heating; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-amino-benzoic acid; isopropyl alcohol With thionyl chloride at 20℃; for 90h; Reflux; Stage #2: With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water; isopropyl alcohol | 100% |
With thionyl chloride; sodium carbonate for 2h; Heating; | 89% |
With hydrogenchloride |
isopropyl alcohol
3,5-dinitrobenoyl chloride
3,5-dinitro-benzoic acid isopropyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine In tetrahydrofuran for 0.333333h; Heating; | 100% |
With diethyl ether | |
With pyridine; benzene |
isopropyl alcohol
propene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
1 percent alumina-modified MCM-41 at 250℃; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Temperatures; Dehydration; | 100% |
With mesoporous silica MCM-4l/Al at 246.84℃; for 50h; | 100% |
With hydrogen at 174.84℃; for 6h; Catalytic behavior; | 99.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With indium(III) chloride; dimethylmonochlorosilane; benzil In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 6h; | 100% |
With priphenylchlorophosphonium phosphorodichloridate at 20℃; Arbuzov reaction; | 84% |
With hydrogenchloride at 120℃; under 7500.75 Torr; Flow reactor; | 54% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trans-4L1(O)2>ClO4 In acetonitrile at 25℃; for 7h; stoicheiometric oxidation ( electrochemical oxidation in a non-aqueous medium (acetonitrile), an Ag-AgNO3 reference electrode; | 100% |
With C19H20N3O2Ru(2+)*2F6P(1-) In aq. buffer at 24.84℃; for 1h; pH=1.8; Thermodynamic data; Activation energy; Reagent/catalyst; | 100% |
With tert-butylethylene; C32H52ClIrP2; sodium t-butanolate at 200℃; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With erbium(III) triflate at 25℃; for 1.5h; | 100% |
With ytterbium(III) triflate at 20℃; for 12h; | 98% |
With tin(IV)tetraphenylporphyrinato trifluoromethanesulfonate for 0.0833333h; Heating; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: isopropyl alcohol With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: benzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With iron(II) sulfate at 75℃; for 12h; | 92% |
With silver(II) oxide Heating; | 90% |
With potassium hydroxide; tetrafluoroboric acid; mercury(II) oxide In dichloromethane 1.) room temp., 1 h; | 60% |
(i) Ag2O, (ii) Py, PhCOCl; Multistep reaction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With silver hexafluoroantimonate; C29H33AuClN3O2 In chloroform-d1 at 20℃; | 100% |
dirhodium tetraacetate In dichloromethane for 0.1h; Ambient temperature; | 92% |
p-Tolylisocyanate
isopropyl alcohol
carbamic acid, (4-methylphenyl)-, 1-methylethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Ambient temperature; | 100% |
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 4.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 13 mg |
ethyl 5-oxo-2-phenyl-2,5-dihydroisoxazole-4-carboxaldehyde
isopropyl alcohol
(Z)-2-Isopropoxy-3-phenylamino-acrylic acid ethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Irradiation; pyrex filter; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 20 - 30℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With water for 1h; Ambient temperature; | 85.5% |
at 25 - 30℃; for 49h; |
ethyl 2-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
isopropyl alcohol
2-isopropoxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetic acid | 100% |
2,6-Difluorobenzyl bromide
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With silver(II) oxide for 1h; Heating; | 100% |
3-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)-1,2-propylene carbonate
isopropyl alcohol
4-[2-(1-Isopropoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxymethyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With heptafluorobutyric Acid at 20 - 45℃; for 3h; | 100% |
2,3-di-O-benzoyl-L-(+)-tartaric anhydride
isopropyl alcohol
isopropyl hydrogen 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-L-(+)-tartrate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In chloroform at 60℃; for 3h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether for 1h; | 100% |
isopropyl alcohol
exo-cis-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3-dimethanol carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 8h; Heating; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C13H20N2O*Ir(1+); hydrogen at 80℃; under 3000.3 Torr; for 23h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Green chemistry; | 100% |
With nickel at 20℃; for 26h; | 70% |
Pt on TiO2 for 10h; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; | 36.32% |
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate
isopropyl alcohol
isopropyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranoside
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate at 20℃; for 0.333333h; | 100% |
With 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate at 20℃; | 100% |
With molecular sieve; lithium perchlorate In dichloromethane at 25℃; | 96% |
chlorosulfonylacetyl chloride
isopropyl alcohol
isopropyl (chlorosulfonyl)acetate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at 0℃; Esterification; | 100% |
In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 0.333333h; | 100% |
In dichloromethane | |
In diethyl ether | |
In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 2.33333h; Inert atmosphere; |
isopropyl alcohol
isopropyl hypophosphite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylammonium phosphinate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 100% |
With hypophosphorous acid In benzene for 15h; Dean-Stark; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 100% |
With pyrophosphorous acid In benzene Heating; | 100 % Spectr. |
(R)-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl acetate
isopropyl alcohol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium diacetate; triphenylphosphine at 20℃; for 1h; | 100% |
isopropyl alcohol
trans 4-(bromomethyl)-2-methoxy-1,3-dioxolane
trans 4-(bromomethyl)-2-isopropoxy-1,3-dioxolane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene at 90℃; | 100% |
cycl-isopropylidene malonate
isopropyl alcohol
i-propyl malonic half ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile for 22h; Heating; | 100% |
Reflux; | 76% |
In toluene for 5h; Heating; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With thionyl chloride at -20℃; for 4h; Heating / reflux; | 100% |
With thionyl chloride for 16h; Heating; |
isopropyl alcohol
3-phenylsulfanyl-butyric acid 4-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-octyl)-benzyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With titanium(IV) isopropylate for 6h; Heating; | 100% |
isopropyl alcohol
3-(4-tert-butyl-phenylsulfanyl)-hexanoic acid 4-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluoro-decyl)-benzyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With titanium(IV) isopropylate for 6h; Heating; | 100% |
isopropyl alcohol
4-(2-perfluorodecyl)ethylbenzyl 2-methyl-3-phenylthiopropanoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With titanium(IV) isopropylate for 6h; Heating; | 100% |
Isopropanol, also known as isopropyl alcohol, is a colorless, flammable liquid with with a characteristic alcohol / acetone-like odor. It has an isomer propanol. And it is miscible with water, ethanol, ether and chloroform. Because the alcohol is much less soluble in saline solutions than in salt-free water, add a salt such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, or any of several other inorganic salts can separate the isopropanol from aqueous solutions.
Physical properties about Isopropanol are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.173; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.17; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.17; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 29.59; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 29.59; (8)#H bond acceptors: 1; (9)#H bond donors: 1; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 1; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.376; (12)Molar Refractivity: 17.441 cm3; (13)Molar Volume: 75.938 cm3; (14)Polarizability: 6.914 10-24cm3; (15)Surface Tension: 22.6280002593994 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 0.791 g/cm3; (17)Flash Point: 11.667 °C; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 39.85 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: 72.993 °C at 760 mmHg; (20)Vapour Pressure: 81.3320007324219 mmHg at 25°C
Preparation of Isopropanol: Isopropanol is produced by combining water and propene. This technology has two processes: direct hydration and indirect hydration via the sulfuric acid process.
1. Direct hydration: Use propylene as raw material, phosphoric acid diatomite as catalytic agent, then directly hydrate under the pressure to obtain isopropanol. Propylene and water are pressurized to 2.03 MPa, and preheat to 200 °C, respectively. After mixing, the mixture goes into the reactor to go through hydration reaction. The reactor is equipped with phosphoric acid diatomite catalyst with the reaction temperature of 95 °C and pressure of 2.03 MPa. The molar ratio of water and propylene is 0.7:1. The percent conversion of propylene is 5.2% and the selectivity is 99%. Then, after neutralization and heat transfer, the reaction gas is sent to high pressure chiller and high pressure separator. The isopropanol in gas phase is recoveried and unreacted gas is recycled by recyclingcompressor. The liquid phase is low concentration isopropanol (15% - 17%). After a series of treatment, the yield can achieve 99%. This method does not need sulfuric acid, so there is no corrosion problem. And the process is relatively simple.
2. Indirect hydration: Using propylene which contains more than 50% as raw material. At low pressure and temperature of 50 °C, use 75%-85% sulfuric acid to absorb in absorption tower. The absorption solution is diluted to 35%, which is hydrolysised to isopropanol in desorption tower by low-pressure steam. The percent conversion of propylene is above 90%. This method needs sulfuric acid, so the corrosion to equipment is large.
Uses of Isopropanol: Isopropanol is widely used as organic feedstock and solvent. As chemical feedstock, it can be used to produce acetone, hydrogen peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isopropyl, isopropyl ether, isopropyl ether, isopropyl chloride, etc. In industry of fine chemicals, it is used to produce nitric acid, xanthalato isopropyl, medicine, pesticide, etc. As a solvent, isopropanol can be used to produce paints, inks, extraction agents, aerosol agents, etc. It is also used as antifreeze, detergent, dispersant of pigment production, fixative of printing and dyeing industry, anti-fog agent of glass and transparent plastic. What's more, isopropanol is used as reagent in the determination of barium, calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, potassium, sodium, strontium, nitrite and cobalt. Isopropanol is often used for the cleaning of electrical parts, for hi-fi equipment and for computers and computer-related equipment such as computer monitor screens, laptops and keyboards.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: Isopropanol is irritating to eyes and skin. And its vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. You should wear suitable protective clothing and gloves to avoid contact with skin and eyes. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. When mixed with air or other oxidizers it can explode through deflagration.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1. Smiles:C(C)(C)O
2. InChI:InChI=1/C3H8O/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H3
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cat | LDLo | intravenous | 1963mg/kg (1963mg/kg) | "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 172, 1955. | |
cat | LDLo | oral | 6mL/kg (6mL/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 26, Pg. 285, 1921. | |
dog | LDLo | intravenous | 1024mg/kg (1024mg/kg) | Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Vol. 29, Pg. 561, 1944. | |
dog | LDLo | oral | 1537mg/kg (1537mg/kg) | GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Vol. 29, Pg. 561, 1944. |
frog | LDLo | parenteral | 20gm/kg (20000mg/kg) | PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 50, Pg. 296, 1935. |
guinea pig | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 2560mg/kg (2560mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
hamster | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 3444mg/kg (3444mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
human | LDLo | oral | 3570mg/kg (3570mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 339, 1969. |
human | LDLo | unreported | 2mL/kg (2mL/kg) | Japanese Journal of Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 341, 1999. | |
human | TDLo | oral | 223mg/kg (223mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" CARDIAC: PULSE RATE VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION | Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Vol. 12, Pg. 326, 1927. |
infant | TDLo | oral | 13gm/kg (13000mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 10, Pg. 542, 1992. |
infant | TDLo | unreported | 1375mg/kg (1375mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Pediatric Emergency Care. Vol. 9, Pg. 146, 1993. |
mammal (species unspecified) | LDLo | subcutaneous | 6gm/kg (6000mg/kg) | PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC | Archiv fuer Toxikologie. Vol. 16, Pg. 84, 1956. |
man | LDLo | oral | 5272mg/kg (5272mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: COMA VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA | American Journal of Clinical Pathology. Vol. 38, Pg. 144, 1962. |
man | LDLo | unreported | 2770mg/kg (2770mg/kg) | "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970. | |
man | TDLo | oral | 14432mg/kg (14432mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: COMA VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 277, Pg. 699, 1967. |
mouse | LCLo | inhalation | 12800ppm/3H (12800ppm) | Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974Vol. 17JUN1974, | |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 4477mg/kg (4477mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 1509mg/kg (1509mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 3600mg/kg (3600mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 43(1), Pg. 8, 1978. |
mouse | LDLo | subcutaneous | 6gm/kg (6000mg/kg) | "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 172, 1955. | |
rabbit | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 667mg/kg (667mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 1184mg/kg (1184mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
rabbit | LD50 | oral | 6410mg/kg (6410mg/kg) | FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 48A, Pg. 114, 1970. | |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | 12800mg/kg (12800mg/kg) | Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 100, 1974. | |
rat | LC50 | inhalation | 16000ppm/8H (16000ppm) | Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 100, 1974. | |
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 2735mg/kg (2735mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
rat | LD50 | intravenous | 1088mg/kg (1088mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 5045mg/kg (5045mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 43(1), Pg. 8, 1978. |
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