Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium(II) perchlorate; polymer-bound NADH (2a) In acetonitrile; benzene at 80℃; for 120h; Further byproducts given; | 100% |
With carbonylhydrido(tetrahydroborato)[bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)-amino]ruthenium(II); hydrogen; sodium hydrogencarbonate In methanol at 25℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 12h; Glovebox; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | 98% |
With hydrogen; Et4N | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
tetrabutoxytitanium at 170℃; for 4h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 99.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tin containing MWW type β-zeolite In decane at 119.84℃; for 24h; Reagent/catalyst; | 99% |
With Y-zeolite H-USY-6 In water at 115℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
With Sn(salen) functionalized [OMIm]Br at 160℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | 95.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tin containing MWW type β-zeolite In decane at 119.84℃; for 24h; Reagent/catalyst; | 99% |
With Y-zeolite H-USY-6 In water at 115℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
With Sn(salen) functionalized [OMIm]Br at 160℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | 91.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
98.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron(III) sulfate; sulfuric acid for 3h; Heating; | 97% |
With ethenetetracarbonitrile for 48h; Ambient temperature; | 88% |
at 25 - 72℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphotungstic acid at 130℃; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | 96% |
With Na/MgO at 160℃; under 30402 Torr; for 5h; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; | 80% |
With magnesium oxide at 300℃; under 150015 Torr; for 1.5h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 23.9 mol |
With oxygen at 160℃; under 3750.38 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Autoclave; | |
With air; AuPd/carbon nanotubes + Sn-MCM-41-XS at 140℃; under 22502.3 Torr; for 4.5h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Green chemistry; | 90 %Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
iodine for 15h; Heating; | 90% |
methanol
dihydroxyacetone
A
methyl lactate
B
2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropionaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcined Sn-modified beta zeolite at 70℃; for 4h; | A 86% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; water at -10 - -5℃; for 4h; Reflux; | 85.58% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol | 76% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multistep reaction; | 75% |
methanol
D-Fructose
A
5-(methoxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde
B
methyl lactate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Sn(salen) functionalized [OMIm]Br at 160℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | A 5.4% B 68.9% |
1-hydroxy-1-methoxypropan-2-one
methyl lactate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Sn-BEA In methanol at 160℃; under 15001.5 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Inert atmosphere of argon; | 66% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Sn-BEA at 160℃; for 20h; Product distribution / selectivity; Inert atmosphere; autoclave; | 66% |
With Sn(salen) functionalized [OMIm]Br at 160℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | 56% |
With tin containing MWW type β-zeolite In decane at 159.84℃; for 20h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 50% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Sn(salen) functionalized [OMIm]Br at 160℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | 61.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hierarchical Sn-Beta-H-0.3 zeolite at 160℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 10h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Inert atmosphere; | 60% |
With tin containing MWW type β-zeolite In decane at 159.84℃; for 20h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 44% |
Sn-BEA at 160℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; autoclave; | 41% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon dioxide at 180℃; for 7.37h; Temperature; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | 58.22% |
With sulfuric acid at 60 - 80℃; bei pH 1-1.4; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tin(II) chloride dihdyrate; magnesium(II) chloride hexahydrate In methanol; water at 130℃; Time; Temperature; Sealed tube; Large scale; | A 29% B 57% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hierarchical Sn-Beta-H-0.3 zeolite at 160℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 10h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; | 55% |
methanol
dihydroxyacetone
A
Pyruvic aldehyde dimethyl acetal
B
methyl lactate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcined Sn-modified MCM-41 at 70℃; for 4h; | A n/a B 54% |
With titanium containing MWW type zeolite In decane at 119.84℃; for 24h; | A 26% B 17% |
tin(ll) chloride at 90℃; for 3h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; reaction time; | A 2 % Chromat. B 89 % Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hierarchical Sn-Beta-H-0.3 zeolite at 160℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 10h; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; | 54% |
With tungsten(VI) oxide at 160℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 5h; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | 50 %Chromat. |
methanol
D-Xylose
methyl lactate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hierarchical Sn-Beta-H-0.3 zeolite at 160℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 10h; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; | 53% |
A
methyl lactate
B
methyl 2-hydroxybutyrate
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In methanol for 2h; Solvent; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | A 16.1% B 6.5% C 48.7% |
A
methyl lactate
B
levulinic acid methyl ester
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In ethanol for 2h; Time; Autoclave; | A 15.1% B 8.3% C 48.7% |
methanol
D-Xylose
A
methyl xyloside
B
2,2-dimethoxyethanol
C
methyl lactate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Ti-beta zeolite at 160℃; for 2h; Microwave irradiation; | A 48% B 7% C 11% |
With Zr-beta zeolite at 160℃; for 2h; Microwave irradiation; | A 39% B 12% C 10% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tin containing MWW type β-zeolite In decane at 159.84℃; for 20h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 46% |
Sn-BEA at 160℃; for 20h; Product distribution / selectivity; Inert atmosphere; autoclave; | 43% |
With NiO#ZrO2 at 160℃; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | 42.57% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In ethanol at 260℃; for 2h; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | A 16.2% B 43.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tin(II) chloride dihdyrate; magnesium(II) chloride hexahydrate In methanol; water at 130℃; Reagent/catalyst; Sealed tube; Large scale; | A 31% B 43% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate; triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran | 100% |
methyl lactate
O-benzyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate
2-benzyloxypropionic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In hexane; dichloromethane at 20℃; for 16h; | 99% |
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In dichloromethane; cyclohexane at 20℃; for 40h; | 72% |
methyl lactate
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-N,N-dimethylethan-1-amine
A
methyl 2-fluoropropanoate
B
Difluoroacetic acid N,N-dimethylamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: methyl lactate; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-N,N-dimethylethan-1-amine at 10 - 40℃; for 5h; Stage #2: With triethylamine at 0℃; | A 98.92% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; zinc(II) nitrate; hydroxylamine hydrochloride; oxygen; copper(II) nitrate; sodium hydroxide at 100℃; under 75.0075 Torr; for 8h; Molecular sieve; Autoclave; Green chemistry; | 98.9% |
With p-methoxybenzenetellurinic acid anhydride In neat (no solvent) at 130℃; for 1h; | 90% |
With hydrogenchloride; sodium hypobromide In dichloromethane; water at 25℃; for 5h; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trans-RuCl2(PPh3)[PyCH2NH(CH2)2PPh2]; potassium methanolate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 40℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 16h; | 98% |
With C24H38Cl2N3PRu; hydrogen; sodium methylate In isopropyl alcohol at 100℃; under 38002.6 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave; | 97% |
With potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen; [tris(μ-chloro)bis((triphos)ruthenium(II))] chloride In methanol at 100℃; under 30003 Torr; for 15h; Product distribution / selectivity; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | >= 99.9 %Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With marine microbial esterase In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; for 1h; pH=7.5; pH-value; Temperature; Solvent; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Resolution of racemate; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; | A n/a B 98% |
With water; Candida rugosa lipase In aq. phosphate buffer at 45℃; for 8h; pH=7.2; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; | A n/a B n/a |
methyl lactate
4-methoxy-phenyl acetic acid methyl ester
4-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylfuran-2(5H)-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran for 16h; Heating; | 97% |
methyl lactate
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride
methyl 2-{[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy}propanoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trimethylamine hydrochloride; triethylamine In acetonitrile at 0 - 5℃; for 1h; | 95% |
With pyridine | |
With dmap; triethylamine In toluene at 0 - 50℃; for 1h; Temperature; | 24.5 g |
Propyl isocyanate
methyl lactate
2-Propylcarbamoyloxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 100℃; for 4h; | 95% |
methyl lactate
N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
C17H29NO5SSi
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: methyl lactate; N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide With triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran; toluene for 0.166667h; Mitsunobu Displacement; Inert atmosphere; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: With diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at 0 - 10℃; Mitsunobu Displacement; Inert atmosphere; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: morpholine; methyl lactate With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate In tetrahydrofuran at 10℃; for 3h; pH=10; Stage #2: 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran In dichloromethane at 5 - 10℃; for 15h; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate; triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; Inert atmosphere; | 95% |
methyl lactate
tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride
2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propionic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 94% |
With 1H-imidazole In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 91% |
With 1H-imidazole In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
With 1H-imidazole at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Cooling; |
methyl lactate
nicotinic anhydride
Nicotinic acid 1-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In chlorobenzene at 60 - 70℃; for 5h; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
iodine for 15h; Heating; | 92% |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid unter Entfernen des entstehenden Methanols; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
5% by weight NaH2PO4/SiO2 at 260℃; for 60h; Product distribution / selectivity; Gas phase; | 91.7% |
(3% Li2HPO4, 0.5% MgHPO4 and 0.05% H3PO4)/Al2O3 at 320℃; for 60h; Product distribution / selectivity; Gas phase; | 88% |
With hydrogen; zirconium(IV) oxide at 220℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst; | 22% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid; nitric acid at 0℃; for 3h; | 91% |
With sulfuric acid; nitric acid at 0℃; |
methyl lactate
tropylium tetrafluoroborate
2-(Cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienyloxy)-propionic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In acetonitrile | 91% |
methyl lactate
4-thioxanthonecarbonyl chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In chlorobenzene at 80 - 90℃; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | 91% |
methanol
LACTIC ACID
methyl lactate
methyl 2-methoxypropionate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
(0.1% CaHPO4 and 5% K2HPO4)/SiO2 at 300℃; for 60h; Product distribution / selectivity; Gas phase; | 90% |
methyl lactate
(+/-)-lactamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonia In methanol Cooling with ice; | 90% |
1. | ipr-rat LDLo:>2 g/kg | JPPMAB Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 11 (1959),150. |
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