Product Name

  • Name

    PERPHENAZINE

  • EINECS 200-381-5
  • CAS No. 58-39-9
  • Article Data11
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.253 g/cm3
  • Solubility 28.28mg/L(24 oC)
  • Melting Point 35339ºC
  • Formula C21H26ClN3OS
  • Boiling Point 580.4 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 403.976
  • Flash Point 304.8 °C
  • Transport Information
  • Appearance Off-white to pale yellow solid
  • Safety 28-36/37/39-45
  • Risk Codes 22-43
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 58-39-9 (PERPHENAZINE)
  • Hazard Symbols HarmfulXn
  • Synonyms 1-Piperazineethanol,4-[3-(2-chlorophenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]- (8CI);1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-[3-(2-chloro-10-phenothiazinyl)propyl]piperazine;2-Chloro-10-3-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-piperazinyl] propyl phenothiazine;2-Chloro-10-[3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl]phenothiazine;Chloriprozine;Chlorperphenazine;Decentan;Emesinal;Etaperazin;Etaperazine;Ethaperazine;Fentazin;Fentazin syrup;Fentazine duolets;Mutabom;NSC 150866;PZC;Perfenazine;Perfenil;Perphenan;Perphenazin;Sch 3940;Thilatazin;Tranquisan;Trifaron;Trilafon;Trilifan;Triphenot;g-[4-(b-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl-2-chlorophenothiazine;4-(3-(2-Chlorophenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)-1-piperazineethanol;
  • PSA 55.25000
  • LogP 3.88350

Synthetic route

1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine
103-76-4

1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine

2-chloro-10-(3-chloropropyl)-10H-phenothiazine
2765-59-5

2-chloro-10-(3-chloropropyl)-10H-phenothiazine

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

N-Demethyl prochlorperazine
40323-85-1

N-Demethyl prochlorperazine

2-bromoethanol
540-51-2

2-bromoethanol

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; toluene
2-chlorophenothiazine
92-39-7

2-chlorophenothiazine

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: NaNH2; liquid NH3
View Scheme
2-chloro-10-(3-chloropropyl)-10H-phenothiazine
2765-59-5

2-chloro-10-(3-chloropropyl)-10H-phenothiazine

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: NaI; butanone
2: K2CO3; toluene
View Scheme
methanesulfonic acid
75-75-2

methanesulfonic acid

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate
503537-30-2

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate

A

4-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-1-piperazineethyl 4-aminobutyryl ester trimesylate

4-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-1-piperazineethyl 4-aminobutyryl ester trimesylate

B

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile at 0 - 40℃; for 6h; Product distribution / selectivity;
...Expand
N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid
57294-38-9

N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

A

5,6-dhydrouracil
504-07-4

5,6-dhydrouracil

B

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate
503537-30-2

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid; perphenazine With dmap In dichloromethane at 0 - 5℃;
Stage #2: With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;		A n/a
B 98%
...Expand
N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid
57294-38-9

N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate
503537-30-2

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 16h;98%
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 0℃; Product distribution / selectivity; Industry scale; Inert atmosphere;98%
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane for 4h; Product distribution / selectivity;97%
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

perphenazine sulfoxide
10078-25-8

perphenazine sulfoxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water for 2h;95%
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

3,5-Dimethoxyaniline
10272-07-8

3,5-Dimethoxyaniline

2-(4-(3-(2-((3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)amino)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol

2-(4-(3-(2-((3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)amino)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C47H70BrO4PPdSi; sodium t-butanolate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;92%
N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid
57294-38-9

N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

A

2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl pivalate

2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl pivalate

B

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate
503537-30-2

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid; pivaloyl chloride With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran
Stage #2: perphenazine In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 16h; Product distribution / selectivity;		A n/a
B 90%
...Expand
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

4-cyano-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium trifluoromethansulfonate

4-cyano-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium trifluoromethansulfonate

C28H29ClN4OS

C28H29ClN4OS

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: perphenazine With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;
Stage #2: 4-cyano-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium trifluoromethansulfonate In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;		84%
iodobenzene
591-50-4

iodobenzene

2,3-butadien-1-ol
18913-31-0

2,3-butadien-1-ol

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

2-(2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-3-phenylbut-3-en -1-ol

2-(2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-3-phenylbut-3-en -1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform complex; 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; triethyl borane; potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 12h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;78%
...Expand
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

acryloyl chloride
814-68-6

acryloyl chloride

2-[4-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl) propyl] piperazin-1-yl] acrylate

2-[4-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl) propyl] piperazin-1-yl] acrylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Inert atmosphere;77.7%
1-(methylthio)-2-naphthonitrile

1-(methylthio)-2-naphthonitrile

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

1-(2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-2-naphtho nitrile

1-(2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-2-naphtho nitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium tert-butylate In 1,4-dioxane at 30℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox;69%
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate
503537-30-2

perphenazine N-Boc-4-aminobutyrate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutanoic acid With 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1h;
Stage #2: perphenazine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 90℃; for 24h; Product distribution / selectivity;		63%
N-benzyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-benzamide
85909-02-0

N-benzyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-benzamide

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

1-benzoyloxy-2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethane
96264-27-6

1-benzoyloxy-2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 150℃; for 36h; Sealed tube;60%
2-(propa-1,2-dien-1-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione
165608-65-1

2-(propa-1,2-dien-1-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

2-((3R,4S)-5-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-hydroxypent-1-en-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

2-((3R,4S)-5-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-hydroxypent-1-en-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium dihydrogenphosphate; C54H47IrN2O6P2 In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; enantioselective reaction;58%
5-bromo-2-methylpyridine
3430-13-5

5-bromo-2-methylpyridine

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

C27H31ClN4OS

C27H31ClN4OS

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 18-crown-6 ether; potassium bromide; potassium hydroxide In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 15h;53%
3-Phenylpropan-1-amine
2038-57-5

3-Phenylpropan-1-amine

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

C30H35ClN4OS

C30H35ClN4OS

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper(l) iodide; 9-azabicyclo<3.3.1>nonane-N-oxyl; oxygen; 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 4h; Sealed tube;50%
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

trimethyl orthoformate
149-73-5

trimethyl orthoformate

2-(4-(3-(2-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol
96002-26-5

2-(4-(3-(2-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium phosphate; [nickel(II)dichloride(dimethoxyethane)]; [4,4'-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine-N1,N1]bis-{3,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl-N]phenyl-C}iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate; 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine at 20℃; for 72h; Irradiation; Sealed tube;43%
1-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy]zinc(II) phthalocyanine

1-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy]zinc(II) phthalocyanine

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

C62H48ClN11O3SZn

C62H48ClN11O3SZn

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 24h;34%
1-cyano-2-methoxynaphthalene
16000-39-8

1-cyano-2-methoxynaphthalene

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

2-(2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-1-naphthonitrile

2-(2-(4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-1-naphthonitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium tert-butylate In 1,4-dioxane at 20℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Glovebox;32%
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

phenyl chloroformate
1885-14-9

phenyl chloroformate

1-(2-carbamoyloxy-ethyl)-4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazine
95139-83-6

1-(2-carbamoyloxy-ethyl)-4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine Behandeln des Reaktionsprodukts mit fluessigem NH3 in Aether;
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
79-44-7

N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

1-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-4-(2-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-ethyl)-piperazine
95819-82-2

1-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-4-(2-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-ethyl)-piperazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium; toluene
phosgene
75-44-5

phosgene

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

1-chlorocarbonyloxy-2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethane

1-chlorocarbonyloxy-2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In 1,4-dioxane
1-adamantyl chloroformate
5854-52-4

1-adamantyl chloroformate

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

carbonic acid adamantan-1-yl ester 2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethyl ester
60395-58-6

carbonic acid adamantan-1-yl ester 2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(i) Na, dioxane, (ii) /BRN= 1959671/; Multistep reaction;
1-chlorocarbonyloxy-2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethane; monohydrochloride
60395-62-2

1-chlorocarbonyloxy-2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethane; monohydrochloride

perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

carbonic acid bis-(2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethyl) ester
60395-52-0

carbonic acid bis-(2-{4-[3-(2-chloro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethyl) ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(i) Na, dioxane, (ii) /BRN= 4088070/; Multistep reaction;
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

perphenazine-d4

perphenazine-d4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen chloride for 0.0166667h; Irradiation; microwave-induced deuterium exchange on benzodiazepines, phenothiazines and other drugs;
perphenazine
58-39-9

perphenazine

perpherazine sulfoxide dimaleate

perpherazine sulfoxide dimaleate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 95 percent / NaNO2, HCl / H2O / 2 h
2: 49.1 percent / ethanol / Heating
View Scheme

Perphenazine Specification

The IUPAC name of Perphenazine is 2-[4-[3-(2-chlorophenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanol. With the CAS registry number 58-39-9, it is also named as 1-Piperazineethanol, 4-(3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)-. The product's categories are Organics; Antagonists Forensic and Veterinary Standards; Chemical Structure; Dopaminergics; Drugs & Metabolites; Neat Compounds Drugs of Abuse; Neurotransmitters; Others. Besides, it is white crystalline powder, which should be stored at 2-8 °C. In addition, its molecular formula is C21H26ClN3OS and molecular weight is 403.97.

The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)EINECS: 200-381-5; (2)ACD/LogP: 4.34; (3)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.88; (5)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 4.21; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 40.74; (7)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 863.6; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 190.38; (9)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 4036; (10)#H bond acceptors: 4; (11)#H bond donors: 1; (12)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 7; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.626; (14)Molar Refractivity: 114.22 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 322.3 cm3; (16)Surface Tension: 50.9 dyne/cm; (17)Density: 1.253 g/cm3; (18)Flash Point: 304.8 °C; (19)Melting Point: 97 °C; (20)Water Solubility: 28.3 mg/L at 24 °C; (21)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 91.32 kJ/mol; (22)Boiling Point: 580.4 °C at 760 mmHg; (23)Vapour Pressure: 2.6E-14 mmHg at 25 °C.

Production of Perphenazine: frist, you can use N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine to produce 1-(3-Chloropropyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine by condensation with Trimethylene bromochloride. And then please use it to produce crude product by condensation with 2-Chlorophenothiazine. Afterwards, you will obtain this chemical after recrystallize it by the use of Ethyl acetate.

Uses of Perphenazine: this chemical is a typical antipsychotic drug to treat psychosis (e.g. in schizophrenics) and the manic phases of bipolar disorder. It also can be used to treat agitated depression (together with an antidepressant) in low doses. Furthermore, it can be used to produce 2-{4-[3-(2-Chloro-5-oxo-5H-5l4-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propyl]-πperazin-1-yl}-ethanol.



This reaction needs NaNO2, HCl and H2O for 2 hours. The yield is 95 %.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: it is harmful if swallowed. And it also may cause sensitization by skin contact. You should wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. After contact with skin, please wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. Moreover, in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible).

People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)SMILES: Clc2cc1N(c3c(Sc1cc2)cccc3)CCCN4CCN(CCO)CC4
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C21H26ClN3OS/c22-17-6-7-21-19(16-17)25(18-4-1-2-5-20(18)27-21)9-3-8-23-10-12-24(13-11-23)14-15-26/h1-2,4-7,16,26H,3,8-15H2
(3)InChIKey: RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYAP
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C21H26ClN3OS/c22-17-6-7-21-19(16-17)25(18-4-1-2-5-20(18)27-21)9-3-8-23-10-12-24(13-11-23)14-15-26/h1-2,4-7,16,26H,3,8-15H2
(5)Std. InChIKey: RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
bird - wild LD50 oral 32mg/kg (32mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 315, 1972.
cat LD50 intravenous 35mg/kg (35mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 10, Pg. 638, 1960.
cat LD50 subcutaneous > 2500ug/kg (2.5mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961.
cat LDLo oral 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 10, Pg. 638, 1960.
dog LD50 intravenous 51mg/kg (51mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 10, Pg. 638, 1960.
dog LD50 subcutaneous > 20mg/kg (20mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961.
human TDLo intramuscular 71428ng/kg (0.071428mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) British Medical Journal. Vol. 3, Pg. 867, 1967.
monkey LD50 subcutaneous > 510ug/kg (0.51mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 64mg/kg (64mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 59, Pg. 976, 1970.
mouse LD50 intravenous 19mg/kg (19mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961.
mouse LD50 oral 120mg/kg (120mg/kg)   "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 185, 1973.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous > 80mg/kg (80mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961.
pigeon LD50 intramuscular 250mg/kg (250mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 10, Pg. 638, 1960.
pigeon LD50 intravenous 32mg/kg (32mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 10, Pg. 638, 1960.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 146mg/kg (146mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 24, Pg. 917, 1974.
rat LD50 intravenous 34mg/kg (34mg/kg)   Farmaco, Edizione Pratica. Vol. 26, Pg. 585, 1971.
rat LD50 oral 318mg/kg (318mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 315, 1972.
rat LD50 subcutaneous > 80mg/kg (80mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 932, 1961.

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