gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: H2O; Schlenk techniques; heating Gd compd. under vacuum (1E-3 Torr); | 99% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With HCl; NH4Cl In hydrogenchloride soln. evapd. at 80°C in vac.; residue heated at 1E-3 Torr to 430°C; distn. (1E-5 Torr, Ta vessel); | 90% |
With hydrogenchloride In hydrogenchloride Gd2O3 dissolved in concd. HCl; soln. evapd., residual chloride purified by high-temperature react. with NH4Cl (J.Kutscher and A.Schneider, Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem., 389 (1972) 157); | |
In not given | |
J.F. Desreux, in Lanthanide Probes in Life, Chemical and Earth Science. Theory and Practice, ed. J.-C. G. Buenzli and G.R. Choppin, Elsevier Science Publ. B.V. Amsterdam, 1989, ch. 2, pp. 43-64; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride metal oxide treated with 1:1 hydrochloric acid; soln. filtered, evapd. to dryness, crystals dried in vaccum dessicator over CaCl2; | 85% |
In water dissolving of Gd2O3 in a slight excess of concd. HCl in doubly distd. water; evapn. of excess HCl; | |
In neat (no solvent) oxide was treated with concd. HCl; evapd.; residue dissolved in H2O; evapd.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In gas byproducts: CO; by chlorination-chem. vapor transport react.; mixt. of Er2O3 and Gd2O3 with carbon and KCl (1:1:6:1 at. ratio) placed in alumina reactor and chlorinated with dry Cl2 (20 cm**3/min) at 800 K for 2 h; gas replace by Ar:Cl2 at 800-1300 K; detn. of separation factor; | A 40.58% B 14.91% |
B
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Al2Cl6 prepd. from Al and Cl2; in Duran tube, at 400°C (Cl2); chemical vapour phase transport with Al2Cl6 from 400 to 310°C, 24 h; | A n/a B 14% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
according to Meyer, G., Ax, P., Mater. Res. Bull. 1982, 17, 1447.; | |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: NH3, H2O; (Ar); excess of NH4Cl; 520 K for 4 h; removal of excess of NH4Cl at 700 K in vac.; sublimation (1250 K); |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With NH4Cl In neat (no solvent) heating of GdCl3*99H2O in the presence of NH4Cl (Handbuch der preparativen anorganischen Chemie, Herausg. G. Brauer, Studgardt, 1975); | |
With NH4Cl; chlorine byproducts: H2O; crystalline hydrate mixt. with ammonium chloride dehydration in chlorinestream; |
thionyl chloride
B
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) | |
In neat (no solvent) |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) absence of moisture; large excess AlCl3, evacuated quartz tube, 573 K; fractional sublimation over 450 to 650 K gradient, removal of residual AlCl3 on heating in Cl2/N2 stream; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
dry box, nitrogen stream; direct chlorination using CCl4; | |
at 550°C, 15 h; | |
In neat (no solvent) heating to 825 K in 4 - 5 h, chlorination by isothermal treatment in a stream of CCl4 at 825 K for 5 - 6 h; elem. anal.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In solid byproducts: CO; at 800°C for 2 h; | |
With aluminium trichloride; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO; chlorination at 800 K for 2 h, heating up to 1300 K in CO-HCl mixt., CVTalong temp. gradient at 1300 K for 6 h; | |
With aluminium trichloride; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) chlorinating of rare earth/carbon (molar ration 3/1) mixt. (Cl2 flow rate 20 ml/min, 800 K, 2 h), heating in CO/HCl flow (800-1200 K), chemical vapor transport (AlCl3, 1300 K, 6 h, CO carrier gas, 40 ml/min); atomic emission spectrometric monitoring; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: water; dehydration in an HCl-stream; | |
With SOCl2 In neat (no solvent) refluxed for 24 h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride Gd2O3 was dissolved in 35% HCl; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In solid matrix Gd is volatilised by radiation heating (1350-1500°C), a mixt. ofchlorine and argon was passed to a support cooled to 12-15 K; the matrice is formed over 1-2,5 h; | |
Irradiation (UV/VIS); Gd evapn. (tantalum cell, ca. 2000 K) into argon matrix containing 5 % Cl2, irradiation (GE medium pressure mercury lamp (100 W) with glass envelope removed); trapping of molecules in solid Ar or Ne matrix; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonium chloride In neat (no solvent) heating of mixt. of GdCl3-hydrate and NH4Cl in Cl2/HCl stream; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Thermal decompn. of starting material above 400°C.; X-ray diffraction, thermal anal.; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; sample heating in thermal analyser in N2 at 20 K/min up to 800°C; TG, DTG; |
A
Carbonyl fluoride
B
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C; | |
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C; | |
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C; | |
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C; |
A
4-amino-3-penten-2-one
B
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) 320°C; thermogravimetric anal.; |
GdCl3*H2O
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; sample heating at 150-160°C till the weight loss reached the calculated value; gravimetric monitoring; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2; decompn. 290 h at 1123 K in a Ta capsule in a Pt ampoule (under 1 bar O2); detn. by TG; |
A
yttrium(III) chloride
B
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) heating of metal complex; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
sodium hydroxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water equimolar ratio Gd:ligand, pH 7, stirring; evapn. (vac.), drying (3 h, 200°C), ; elem. anal.; | 100% |
water
gadolinium(III) chloride
disodium isophthalate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water GdCl3 mixed with disodium salt of isophthalic acid in water at room temp.; pptd.; filtered; dried in air; elem. anal.; XRD; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
(Ar); Schlenk techniques; GdCl3, Gd, C in 2:8:12 ratio closed in Ta capsule; closed in silica tube; heated at 1170°C for 39 d; detn. by XRD; | 100% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In isopropyl alcohol byproducts: isopropyl acetate; molar ratio chloride:isopropoxide=1:2, refluxing; solvent removal (reduced pressure), drying (28°C, 0.1 torr); elem. anal.; | 99.7% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In isopropyl alcohol byproducts: isopropyl acetate; molar ratio chloride:isopropoxide=2:1, refluxing; solvent removal (reduced pressure), drying (28°C, 0.1 torr); elem. anal.; | 99.6% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
chromium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NaCl2, O2; 800°C (10 min); washing (H2O), filtering; | 99% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given hot soln.; | 99% |
In not given hot soln.; | 99% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide byproducts: KCl, CuCN; (N2), mixed, stirred at room temp. over 7 days; filtered, concd.(vac.), washed (hexane), dried.(vac.) for 30 min, elem. anal.; | 99% |
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide byproducts: KCl, CuCN; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide byproducts: KCl; (N2), mixed, stirred at room temp. for 14 d; filtered, crystd.(three weeks); | 99% |
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide byproducts: KCl; react. of GdCl3, CuCN and KCN in DMF; |
gadolinium(III) chloride
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water aq. soln. of metal chloride and 3-4 drops of DMF added to aq. soln. of K6W4Te4(CN)12*5H2O; after 3 ds ppt. filtered; washed (EtOH); dried (air) for 1 h; elem. anal.; | 98% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water ligand added to aq. soln. of metal salt with stirring; mixt. stirred for1 h at room temp.; filtered; washed (hot water); dried at 30°C for 2 ds; elem. anal.; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With HCl In water pH of soln. adjusted to 0.80 by HCl (10 %), 2 wk; elem. anal.; | 97.9% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With NaOH In water cinnamic acid dispersed in water; treated with equimolar aq. NaOH; pH adjusted by dropwise addition of aq. HCl to 7-8; soln. added to metal chloride soln. in 3:1 molar ratio; pH adjusted to 5; stirred for 1 h; collected; washed with EtOH followed by H2O; dried in vacuum desiccator for 2 days; elem. anal.; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water dropwise addn. of soln. of Ln-salt to soln. of ligand salt (pptn.), stirring (0.5 h); filtration, washing (H2O), drying (vac. desiccator); elem. anal.; | 93% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
chlorogadolinium meso-trans-di(hexadecyl)tetrabenzoporphyrinate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide benzoporphyrin dissolved in DMF; metal chloride added; mixt. heated for 16 h at reflux; cooled; diluted (H2O); extd. (CHCl3); extract washed (H2O); solvent distd. off; residue washed (aq. EtOH); dried; elem. anal.; | 92% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
triethylentetramine
oxalic acid diethyl ester
Gd(C8H16O2N4)Cl2(H2O)2(1+)*Cl(1-)=[Gd(C8H20Cl2N4O4)]Cl
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetonitrile In methanol refluxing (3 h), stirring, refluxing (2 h), acetonitrile addn., crystn.; filtration, washing (acetonitrile-ethanol), drying (red. pressure); elem. anal.; | 90% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; pH=6.5-7; | 90% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol dissolution of ligand in anhyd. ethanol, dropwise addn. of lanthanide(III) chloride in anhyd. ethanol into ligand soln., maintaining under reflux for 7 h; concn. of mixt. to a reduced volume, filtn., washing several times with cold ethanol and ether, elem. anal.; | 89% |
10-[2-(didecylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid
gadolinium(III) chloride
[10-[2-(didecylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,7 ,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetate (3-) ]gadolinium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; pH=5-7.5; | 89% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water byproducts: NH4Cl, CO2, NH3; aq. solns. GdCl3 and urea were mixed and heated to 90°C for 2-4 h; ppt. was filtered, washed with hot water, dried at 75°C in oven for 3 h and in vacuo over silica; elem. anal.; | 88% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene byproducts: LiCl; stirring (0°C, 2 - 3 h, room temp., 36 h); filtering, washing (C6H6), crystn. on slow evapn.; elem. anal.; | 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water at 80℃; for 24h; pH=7; pH-value; | 88% |
sodium tetrahydroborate
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: NaCl; stirring (air and moisture exclusion, room tempo., 30 h); IR spectroscopy; | 86% |
With tetrahydrofuran In tetrahydrofuran |
gadolinium(III) chloride
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With air In water aq. soln. of metal chloride and 3-4 drops of DMF added to aq. soln. of K7Mo4Te4(CN)12*12H2O; after 3 ds ppt. filtered; washed (EtOH); dried (air) for 1 h; elem. anal.; | 86% |
gadolinium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene under N2 atm. closo-exo-5,6-Na(THF)2-1-Na(THF)2-2,4-(SiMe3)-2,4-C2B4H4 and LnCl3 (2:1) were mixed in benzene and stirred at 0°C for 2-3 h, react. mixt. was warmed to room temp., raised to 60°C and stirred for 24 h; soln. was filtered and evapd., residue was recrystd. from n-hexane-benzene; elem. anal.; | 86% |
tetrahydrofuran
5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine
gadolinium(III) chloride
lithium hexamethyldisilazane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane; toluene Ar, GdCl3 (THF) reacted with Li salt (3 equiv.), solvent removed (vac.),dissolved (CH2Cl2), added to a porphyrin (toluene), refluxed for 48 h, Co compd. added, heatd for 12 h; cooled to room temp., solvent removed (vac.), dissolved (CH2Cl2), filtered, chromy. (silica gel, CHCl3/petroleum ether), recrystd. (CH2Cl2); elem. anal.; | 86% |
water
gadolinium(III) chloride
L-Phenylalanine hydroxamate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water stirring of (S)-phenylalaninehydroxamic acid (5 equiv.) in MeOH, treatment with 2 equiv. of 1 M aq. NaOH (10 equiv.), stirring, sequential addn.of GdCl3 (1 equiv.) and CuCl2 (5 equiv.), stirring overnight; adjusting pH to 7, stirring for 20 min, filtration, addn. of 0.5 M aq. NaCl, slow evapn., crystn., filtration, rinsing with cold water, drying in air; elem. anal.; | 86% |
IUPAC Name: Trichlorogadolinium
The MF of Trichlorogadolinium (CAS NO.10138-52-0) is Cl3Gd.
The MW of Trichlorogadolinium (CAS NO.10138-52-0) is 263.61.
Synonyms of Trichlorogadolinium (CAS NO.10138-52-0): Gadolinium trichloride ; Gadolinium chloride ; Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) ; Gadolinium(3+) chloride ; Gadolinium(III) chloride
Product Categories: Inorganics;GadoliniumAnalytical Standards;G-HChemical Synthesis;GStable Isotopes;Alphabetic;Alphabetical Listings;Analytical Standards;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;NMR Reference Standards
Apperance: White to off-white powder
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Melting Point: 609 °C
Density: 4,52 g/ml
EINECS: 233-386-6
Merck: 14,4326
Trichlorogadolinium (CAS NO.10138-52-0) is used in chemical reagents, organic intermediates, fine chemicals, pharmaceutical research and development.
1. | skn-rbt 500 mg MOD | BJPCAL British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. 17 (1961),526. | ||
2. | eye-rbt 1 mg/1H MLD | BJPCAL British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. 17 (1961),526. | ||
3. | ipr-mus LD50:378 mg/kg | AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. 5 (1962),437. |
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Poison by intraperitoneal route. A skin and eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl−. See also CHLORIDES, GADOLINIUM, and RARE EARTHS.Safety information of Trichlorogadolinium (CAS NO.10138-52-0):
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Statements
38 Irritating to the eyes
Safety Statements
36/37 Irritating to eyes and respiratory system
WGK Germany 3
RTECS ZC0230000
F 10-21
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