Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxidase In water at 40℃; Reformatsky Reaction; Enzymatic reaction; | 100% |
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 65℃; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction; | 97% |
With chromium(VI) oxide; silica gel for 0.05h; microwave irradiation; | 96% |
1,1-diacetoxypentane
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With poly(4-vinylpyridine)-supported sulfuric acid In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 1.5h; Green chemistry; | 100% |
With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 4.5h; | 90% |
With N-sulfonic acid poly(4-vinylpyridinium) chloride In methanol at 20℃; for 0.666667h; | 88% |
With sulfonated rice husk ash In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 0.0833333h; | 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dicarbonylacetylacetonato rhodium (I); C41H30O8P2; hydrogen In toluene at 90℃; under 3750.38 - 7500.75 Torr; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; regioselective reaction; | 98.2% |
With [bmim][n-C8H17OSO3]; hydrogen; 2,7-bis(SO3Na)-4,5-bis(PPh2)-9,9-Me2-xanthene Rh complex at 120℃; under 7950.8 Torr; for 0.00472222h; Kinetics; Activation energy; Further Variations:; Pressures; Temperatures; syngas composition, educt conc., catalyst conc.; | 97.7% |
With (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (l); C43H53O8P; hydrogen In toluene under 37503.8 Torr; for 12h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; regioselective reaction; | 97.4% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (l); 1,2,4,5-tetraisopropylbenzene; C43H53O8P; hydrogen In toluene under 37503.8 Torr; for 12h; Catalytic behavior; Pressure; regioselective reaction; | 96.5% |
With acetylacetonatodicarbonylrhodium(l); 3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diyltetrakis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)bis(phosphite); bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate; hydrogen In toluene at 120℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 12h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 95% |
With dicarbonylacetylacetonato rhodium (I); trans-1,12-bis((di(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phosphino)oxy)-5,5a,6,7,7a,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[1,2-b:1,5-b']dichromene; hydrogen In toluene at 110℃; under 3750.38 - 7500.75 Torr; for 15h; Glovebox; Autoclave; regioselective reaction; |
1-pentyl(trimethylsilyl)ether
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,4-dichloro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane bis-chloride In water at 50℃; for 0.333333h; pH=7; | 95% |
With (H2DABCO)2(HDABCO)2(Br)2(Br3)4 In water at 80℃; for 0.333333h; | 95% |
With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate; HZSM-5 zeolite In water for 0.0833333h; microwave irradiation; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
[CpRu(η2-P,N-L)(CH3CN)]PF6 In [(2)H6]acetone; [(Me3Si)4C] at 70℃; for 5h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 95% |
C21H29N3PRu(1+)*F6P(1-) In dichloromethane; [(Me3Si)4C] at 20℃; for 24 - 48h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 95% |
{CpRu[P(i-Pr)2(1-Me-4-tBu-imidazol-2-yl)]MeCN}*PF6 In acetone at 70℃; for 1h; | 95 % Spectr. |
[CpRu(PN)(MeCN)]PF6 In [(2)H6]acetone at 70℃; for 1 - 5h; Product distribution / selectivity; | > 95 %Spectr. |
{bis(triphenylphosphine)nitrogen}{HW(CO)5}
n-valeryl chloride
A
pentanal
B
bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium chloropentacarbonyltungstate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran 1:1 molar ratio, THF, 25.degree,C;; detected by NMR, Ir spectra and GC analysis;; | A 95% B n/a |
{PPN}{HCr(CO)5}
n-valeryl chloride
A
pentanal
B
bis(triphenylphosphine)nitrogen{Cr(CO)5Cl}
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran 1:1 molar ratio, THF, 25°C;; detected by NMR and IR spectra; and GC analysis,; | A 95% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dimethyl sulfoxide for 0.0361111h; Kornblum oxidation; Microwave irradiation; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-iodo-succinimide In chlorobenzene for 2h; Irradiation; | A 94% B 1% C n/a |
With N-iodo-succinimide In chlorobenzene for 2h; Product distribution; Irradiation; var. irradiat. times, temps. and light cond.; | A 94% B 1% C n/a |
Valeraldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron(II) sulfate In chloroform at 20℃; for 0.5h; Hydrolysis; | 94% |
With triethylene diamine nickel thiosulfate; water In chloroform at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Hydrolysis; | 94% |
With 3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium chloride In chloroform at 20℃; for 1h; oxidative cleavage; | 90% |
valeraldehyde tosylhydrazone
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With benzeneseleninic anhydride In tetrahydrofuran for 0.5h; Ambient temperature; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron(II) sulfate In chloroform at 20℃; for 0.666667h; Hydrolysis; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tert-butylhypochlorite; lead acetate; dibenzoyl peroxide In toluene at 20℃; for 0.75h; | 92% |
With C21H12Cl6NO4V; oxygen In toluene at 100℃; for 1h; | |
With cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate; tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride In [D3]acetonitrile at 20℃; for 18h; Molecular sieve; Sealed tube; Irradiation; | 79 %Spectr. |
pentanal semicarbazone
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (H2DABCO)2(HDABCO)2(Br)2(Br3)4 In water at 80℃; for 0.25h; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In diethyl ether for 4h; Ambient temperature; | 91% |
rac-2-hydroxyhexanoic acid
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutylammonium periodite In chloroform for 3h; Heating; | 90% |
With permanganate(VII) ion |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl; sodium acetate; 4,7-di-(NaSO3Ph)-[1.10]phenanthroline-Pd(OAc)2 In water at 100℃; under 22502.3 Torr; for 15h; pH=6.5 - 11.5; | A 90% B n/a |
With 2O34W9Zn(12-)*W(6+)*3Zn(2+)*2H2O; dihydrogen peroxide In water; acetonitrile at 135℃; under 2250.23 Torr; for 0.25h; Microwave irradiation; | A n/a B 75% |
With [γ-W10SiO36(PhPO)2][TBA]4; dihydrogen peroxide In acetonitrile at 90 - 120℃; for 0.833333h; microwave irradiation; | A 59% B n/a |
2-butyl-1,3-dithiolane
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With selenium(IV) oxide In acetic acid for 1.66667h; Ambient temperature; | 90% |
valeraldoxime
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,4-dichloro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane bischloride In water at 50℃; for 0.25h; pH=7; | 90% |
With N-Bromosuccinimide; β‐cyclodextrin In water; acetone at 20℃; for 0.333333h; | 80% |
2-(pentyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,4-dichloro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane bis-chloride In water at 50℃; for 0.333333h; pH=7; | 90% |
With (H2DABCO)2(HDABCO)2(Br)2(Br3)4 In water at 80℃; for 0.333333h; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In 1,4-dioxane for 6h; Heating; | A n/a B 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In 1,4-dioxane for 6h; Heating; | A n/a B 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen In water at 20℃; under 759.826 Torr; for 24h; | A 7% B 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; oxygen; rose bengal In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 3h; Mechanism; Irradiation; | A 85% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran for 3h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Ambient temperature; followed by reaction with aq. H2O2 / aq. NaHCO3; | 85% |
2-(2-butyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-3-phenyl-4H-1,1-dioxothiochromen-4-one
A
pentanal
B
2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-phenyl-4H-thiochromen-4-one 1,1-dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In d(4)-methanol; water; water-d2; acetonitrile at 20℃; light irradiation; | A 84% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hexane for 0.166667h; Ambient temperature; | 83% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide for 3h; Ionic liquid; Alkaline conditions; | 82% |
With dihydrogen peroxide; potassium carbonate In methanol; water for 8h; Ambient temperature; | 81% |
With N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine; oxygen; copper In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 28h; Ambient temperature; | 100 % Turnov. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; triethylamine; chromium(0) hexacarbonyl at 160℃; under 75006 Torr; for 3h; | 100% |
With C79H23ClIrNO2; potassium carbonate In isopropyl alcohol for 18h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 99% |
94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With poly(4-vinylpyridine)-supported sulfuric acid In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.5h; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction; | 100% |
With 2,4,4,6-Tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one at 50℃; for 20h; | 94% |
With sulfonated rice husk ash In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 0.0166667h; chemoselective reaction; | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 25℃; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; to r.t.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With citrate buffer In di-isopropyl ether for 13h; Ambient temperature; mandelonitrile lyase, pH 5.5; | 100% |
oxynitrilase; | 82% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: hex-1-yne With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: pentanal In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Stage #1: hex-1-yne With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: pentanal In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 20℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 92% |
With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 2h; | 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tin(ll) chloride In acetonitrile for 2h; Product distribution; Mechanism; variation of solvent; further reactions with various allylic tin compounds and carbonyls or imines; | 100% |
With tin(ll) chloride In acetonitrile for 2h; | 100% |
With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.416667h; | 90% |
With MgI2*(OEt)n In diethyl ether; dichloromethane; benzene at 20℃; for 5h; | 74% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 50℃; for 1h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (2S)-2-{diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl}pyrrolidine In ethanol; water at -24℃; | 100% |
pentanal
dimethyl 3-aminophthalate
3-pentylamino-phthalic acid dimethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tris(acetoxy)borohydride; acetic acid In dichloromethane | 100% |
Stage #1: pentanal; dimethyl 3-aminophthalate With acetic acid In dichloromethane for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: With sodium tris(acetoxy)borohydride In dichloromethane at 20℃; Stage #3: With water; sodium hydrogencarbonate In dichloromethane |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 2.5h; Heating / reflux; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 2,6-Dibromopyridine With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexanes at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: pentanal In tetrahydrofuran; hexanes at -78℃; for 0.266667h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With polymer-supported scandium(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.5h; Strecker reaction; Combinatorial reaction / High throughput screening (HTS); chemoselective reaction; | 100% |
pentanal
trimethylsilyl cyanide
phenethylamine
2-(phenethylamino)hexanenitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With polymer-supported scandium(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.5h; Strecker reaction; Combinatorial reaction / High throughput screening (HTS); chemoselective reaction; | 100% |
pentanal
2-(2-bromo-allyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane
(S)-2-bromo-oct-1-en-4-ol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 2-(2-bromo-allyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane With (R,R)-1,2-bis(2-cyclooctyl-4-fluoro-phenyl)ethane-1,2-diol; tin(IV) chloride; sodium carbonate In dichloromethane; toluene at -78℃; for 0.5h; Molecular sieve; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: pentanal at -78℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction; Further stages; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; sodium tosylate at 20℃; for 7h; Passerini Condensation; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; calcium chloride In diethyl ether; water for 1h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrrolidine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.05h; | 100% |
pentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-methylhydroxyamine hydrochloride; sodium hydrogencarbonate; calcium chloride In diethyl ether; water for 1h; | 100% |
pentanal
2,2-dichloropentanal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine; pyrrolidine formamide hydrochloride In tetrachloromethane at 60 - 70℃; | 99.4% |
With chlorine In tetrachloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide | 99.4% |
With chlorine; 2,6-lutidine hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 70℃; for 0.5h; Chlorination; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydro-1,1'-bisisoquinoline In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; Henry Nitro Aldol Condensation; | 99% |
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate at 20℃; for 0.0333333h; Henry reaction; | 98% |
With potassium carbonate; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 20℃; for 6h; Henry reaction; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C32H39Br2MgN2(1-)*C16H32LiO4(1+) In chloroform-d1 at 20℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | 99% |
Fe(Cp)2PF6 at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 89% |
With C32H39Br2MgN2(1-)*C16H32LiO4(1+) In chloroform-d1 at 20℃; for 0.25h; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction; | 85% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C4H11FeMo6NO24(3-)*3C16H36N(1+); water; oxygen; sodium carbonate at 50℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 8h; Green chemistry; | 99% |
With dihydrogen peroxide In acetic acid at 90℃; for 7h; | 98% |
With 4H3N*4H(1+)*CuMo6O18(OH)6(4-); water; oxygen; sodium carbonate at 50℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 140 - 170℃; for 0.166667h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine at 20℃; for 18h; Condensation; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diethyl ether; lithium perchlorate at 20℃; for 0.25h; coupling reaction; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diethyl ether; lithium perchlorate at 20℃; for 0.25h; | 99% |
pentanal
racemic methyl phenyl sulfoxide
1-(phenylsulfinyl)-2-hexanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: racemic methyl phenyl sulfoxide With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: pentanal In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.25h; | 99% |
The Pentanal, with the CAS registry number 110-62-3 and EINECS registry number 200-710-2, is also called pentanaldehyde or valeraldehyde. And the molecular formula of this chemical is C5H10O. It is a kind of colourless liquid, and slightly soluble in water, and may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. What's more, it should be stored at 0-6°C.
The physical properties of Pentanal are as following: (1)ACD/LogP: 1.44; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.44; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 1.44; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 7.29; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 7.29; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 144.22; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 144.22; (9)#H bond acceptors: 1; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 3; (12)Polar Surface Area: 17.07 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.384; (14)Molar Refractivity: 25.4 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 108.3 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 10.06×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 24 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 0.794 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 12.2 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 34.28 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 103.7 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 31.8 mmHg at 25°C.
Uses and preparation of Pentanal: It is used in flavorings, resin chemistry, and rubber accelerators. It is also used to prepare pentanol and oxidation of pentanol. What's more, it can be prepared by 1-butylene and syngas(CO/H2) at 19.6-29.7 MPa, 150-170 ° C.
CH2=CHCH2CH3+CO+H2→CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO
You should be cautious while dealing with this chemical. It is a kind of flammable chemical, and it irritates eyes, respiratory system and skin. It also has risk of serious damage to eyes. Therefore, you had better take the following instructions: Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection, and in case of contacting with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice; Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking; Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: O=CCCCC
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C5H10O/c1-2-3-4-5-6/h5H,2-4H2,1H3
(3)InChIKey: HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYAJ
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
guinea pig | LD50 | skin | 20gm/kg (20000mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 919, 1979. | |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533619, |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 6400mg/kg (6400mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 919, 1979. | |
mouse | LDLo | subcutaneous | 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) | Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 14, Pg. 710, 1956. | |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | 5mL/kg (5mL/kg) | SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0535072, |
rat | LCLo | inhalation | 4000ppm/4H (4000ppm) | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 30, Pg. 470, 1969. | |
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 400mg/kg (400mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533619, |
rat | LD50 | oral | 5660uL/kg (5.66mL/kg) | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 30, Pg. 470, 1969. |
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