The ATPase FliI of the Salmonella type III flagellar protein export apparatus is a 456 amino acid residue cytoplasmic protein consisting of two regions, an N-terminal flagellum-specific region and a C-terminal ATPase region. It forms a complex with a regulatory protein FliH in the cytoplasm. Mul...

FliH is a regulatory component for FliI, the ATPase that is responsible for driving flagellar protein export in Salmonella. FliH consists of 235 amino acid residues, has a quite elongated shape, exists as a homodimer and together with FliI forms a heterotrimer. Here, we have investigated the str...

The specialised ATPase FliI is central to export of flagellar axial protein subunits during flagellum assembly. We establish the normal cellular location of FliI and its regulatory accessory protein FliH in motile Salmonella typhimurium, and ascertain the regions involved in FliH2/FliI heterotri...

Flagella, the locomotion organelles of bacteria, extend from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior. External flagellar proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and exported by the flagellar type III secretion system. Soluble components of the flagellar export apparatus, FliI, FliH, and FliJ, have ...

The amounts of pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), 69 kDa outer membrane protein (69 kDa OMP) and agglutinogens (AGG) 2 and 3 in extracts from the Danish whole-cell pertussis vaccine were studied in quantitative capture ELISA. With the exception of PT, the most effective extr...

An experimental serogroup B meningococcal vaccine was prepared from two genetically engineered strains; each expressing three different class 1 outer membrane proteins (OMPs) (PorA). The two strains expressed the subtypes P1.7,16;P1.5,2;P1.19,15 and P1.5c,10;P1.12,13;P1.7h,4, respectively. Outer...

Calcium ions as biological regulators exert their effects in part via interaction with a wide variety of intracellular calcium-binding proteins. One class of these proteins shares a common calcium-binding motif, the EF-hand. A consensus amino acid sequence for this motif has aided the identifica...

Since their discovery in the 1970s, the human rotaviruses have been recognized as the most important cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis among infants and children worldwide. Rotavirus has been found to infect almost all mammalian and avian species tested, and is primarily a disease of the...

Human rotaviruses, discovered nearly 20 years ago, have been proven to be major cause of paediatric diarrhoeal disease morbidity and mortality. The clinical significance of these viruses stimulated basic studies on their biology, molecular and antigenic properties and epidemiology. General featu...

Publisher SummaryThe rotavirus (RV) virion is a triple-layered icosahedron containing 11 segments of double-stranded (ds)RNA. The RNA polymerase activity of double-layered particles catalyzes the synthesis of the 11 viral mRNAs. Most of the RNA-binding proteins are directly involved in the repli...

Colloidal gold was used to localize six of the ten known proteins of the simian rotavirus SA11 within infected cells by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Monospecific or monoclonal antibodies to selected structural and nonstructural proteins were the primary antisera. The major outer capsid g...

Intermolecular interactions between polypeptide chains often play essential roles in such biological phenomena as replication, transcription, translation, transport, ligand binding, and assembly. We have initiated studies of the functions of the rotavirus SA114F gene 7 product by sequence analys...

The segmented double-stranded (ds)RNA genome of the rotaviruses is replicated asymmetrically with viral mRNA serving as the template for minus-strand RNA synthesis. To identify intermediate structures in rotavirus replication, subviral particles (SVPs) purified from the cytoplasm of simian rotav...

To understand the role of viral proteins in the replication of rotavirus RNA, we have characterized the structure of subviral particles (SVPs) that synthesize double-stranded RNA (DS RNA). Pulse-labeling of newly made RNA in infected cells showed that rotavirus DS RNA was synthesized either in s...

NS35, a basic protein encoded by gene 8 of SA11 rotavirus, possesses RNA-binding activity and is essential for genome replication. To identify conserved regions in the NS35 gene and its protein product, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the NS35 gene for the mammalian and avian rotavirus...

The gene 8 product of SA11 rotavirus, NS35 (NSP2), is a nonspecific RNA-binding protein that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions (viroplasms) and is required for genome replication. To gain additional information on the role of NS35 in virus replication, lysates of simian rotavirus SA11-infect...

Toward the goal of identifying and characterizing rotavirus RNA-binding proteins, we have used a gel retardation assay and protein-RNA cross-linking by ultraviolet (uv) light to examine cytoplasmic lysates prepared from SA11-infected cells for the presence of RNA-binding proteins. Analysis of ba...

African horsesickness (AHS) is a serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Revoiridae. In horses, AHS causes three distinct clinicopathologic syndromes, the pulmonary, cardiac and fever forms of the disease. Recent work has ...

A set of cloned full-length VP2-genes from the reference strain of each of the nine serotypes of African horsesickness virus (AHSV) was used to develop probes for typing AHSV isolates. The VP2-gene probes hybridised serotype-specific to purified viral dsRNA from its corresponding serotype. No cr...

African horsesickness (AHS) is a very serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The epizootic nature of the disease makes rapid, accurate diagnosis of AHS absolutely essential. Currently, diagnosis of AHS is base...