The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in the tumor metastatic cascade, is characterized by the loss of cell–cell junctions and cell polarity, as well as the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties. LEF-1 is a member of the lymphoid enhancer-binding factor/T-cell f...

SummaryLEF-1 is a nuclear transcription factor of the Wnt pathway that regulates multipotent skin stem cell differentiation. β-Catenin is considered a transcriptional coactivator that interacts with LEF-1.This study evaluates LEF-1 in a variety of odontogenic and salivary tumors and determines ...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been known to result in progressive pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistance, and right ventricular failure. Emerging evidence has highlighted the function lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1) exerts in human diseases along w...

Transcription factor lymphoid-enhancer–binding factor 1 (LEF-1) is a key molecule in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Slug is one of the Wnt/β-catenin target genes and can induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previously, we have shown that not only wild-type LEF-1 but also LEF...

New antivirals are required to prevent rising antimicrobial resistance from replication inhibitors. The aim of this study was to analyse the range of emerging mutations in herpesvirus by whole genome deep sequencing. We tested human herpesvirus 6 treatment with novel antiviral K21, where evidenc...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter illustrates the available information about HHV-6 proteins. With an estimated 170 kb DNA, HHV-6 should code for more than 70 proteins. Even though only a limited number of papers have been published on HHV-6 proteins, comparison of the reported molecular weights of ...

BackgroundHuman herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) has been associated with a diverse spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and reported glial tropism.

When using relative gene expression for quantification of RNA it is crucial that the reference genes used for normalization do not change with the experimental condition. We aimed at investigating the expressional stability of commonly used reference genes during Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in...

BackgroundAntiviral therapy for HHV-6 infection with conventional anti-herpesviral drugs is problematic so novel drugs are required. Artesunate is a well-tolerated drug approved for malaria therapy which possesses antiviral activity.

Two variants (A and B) of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can be isolated from humans, with each variant having unique biological properties. HHV-6 variant typing is mainly done following amplification of viral genomic DNA followed by restriction endonuclease digestion. Our objective was to generate...

HepG2 cells, a well differentiated liver cell line, were shown to be permissive for both human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) A and B strains by three independent methods of analysis: detection of viral antigens, viral DNA sequences and infectious virus. HepG2 cell infection with HHV-6 resulted in functi...

BackgroundHuman herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is a neurotropic virus that has been repeatedly associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). However, the mechanism behind this suggested association is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate what genes were affected by HHV...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease susceptibility and two viruses associated with MS are human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A and HHV-6B, together referred to as HHV-6. This study cha...

The related homeodomain-containing transcription factors HNF1 (HNF1α) and vHNF1 (HNF1β) recognise common target DNA sequences in the regulatory regions of many genes and are expressed in several parenchymal cell types, predominantly in liver, kidney, intestine and pancreas. HNFI-mull mutant mi...

HNF1 (Hepatic Nuclear Factor 1) and vHNF1 are transcriptional regulators containing a highly divergent homeodomain. The first was initially found in liver nuclear extracts and is crucial for the transcription of albumin and many other hepatocyte specific genes, while the second was found in dedi...

The vertebrate hindbrain is segmented into an array of rhombomeres (r), but it remains to be fully understood how segmentation is achieved. Here we report that reducing meis function transforms the caudal hindbrain to an r4-like fate, and we exploit this experimental state to explore how r4 vers...

The homeodomain transcription factor vHNF1 plays an essential role in the patterning of the caudal segmented hindbrain, where it participates in the definition of the boundary between rhombomeres (r) 4 and 5 and in the specification of the identity of r5 and r6. Understanding the molecular basis...

The early transcriptional hierarchy that subdivides the vertebrate hindbrain into seven to eight segments, the rhombomeres (r1–r8), is largely unknown. The Kreisler (MafB, Krml1, Val) gene is earliest gene expressed in an r5/r6-restricted manner and is essential for r5 and r6 development. We ha...

The ShlB protein in the outer membrane of Serratia marcescens secretes hemolytic ShlA protein into the culture medium. In the absence of ShlB, nonhemolytic ShlA remains in the periplasm. ShlB mutants were isolated in which secretion was uncoupled from activation. Mutants with a tetrapeptide inse...

Studies on the lysis of L. chagasi caused by the bacteria Serratia marcescens were carried out. In vitro experiments demonstrated that S. marcescens variant SM 365, a prodigiosin pigment producer, lysed this species of Leishmania but variant DB11, a nonpigmented bacteria, was unable to lyse the ...