Matured hop bitter acids (MHBA) are oxidation products from bitter components in hops, which are used widely as food materials to add flavor and bitterness in beer production. Our previous study has shown that MHBA induces thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) via sympathetic nerves in rod...

Cholecystokinin and Gastrin are amongst the first gastrointestinal hormone discovered. In addition to classical actions (contraction of gallbladder, growth and secretion in the stomach and pancreas), these also act as growth stimulants for gastrointestinal malignancies and cell lines. Growth of ...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gut hormone that acts via two receptors. The CCKA-receptor requires the tyrosyl residue in the C-terminal bioactive site of CCK to be O-sulfated, whereas, the CCKB-receptor binds irrespective of sulfation. Consequently, unsulfated CCK peptides – if present – may cons...

AimCholecystokinin (CCK) participates in the storage of dietary triglycerides in white adipose tissue (WAT). Our goal was to characterize, both in subcutaneous (Sc-WAT) and visceral WAT (Vis-WAT), the functional expression of the two known CCK receptors, CCK-1 (CCK-1R) and CCK-2 (CCK-2R), as wel...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a widely expressed neuropeptide system originally discovered in the gut. Both cerebral and peripheral neurons as well as endocrine I-cells in the small intestine process proCCK to tyrosyl-O-sulfated and α-carboxyamidated peptides. Recently, we reported that gut endocrin...

Two separate experiments were performed to localize the gastrointestinal sites of action regulating meal size (MS), intermeal interval (IMI) length and satiety ratio (SR, IMI/MS) by cholecystokinin (CCK) 8 and 33. Experiment 1: CCK-8 (0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 nmol/kg) was infused in the celiac artery...

Consumption of high calorie diets is a major contributor to obesity, which is a rising health problem in many parts of the world. Some hormones, produced and secreted in the gastrointestinal tract, play important roles in food intake regulation. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the major gut horm...

Suicide and suicide attempts are dramatic events for both the individuals concerned and for their social environments. Efforts have been made to identify reliable biological predictors of suicide and suicide attempts. In the present study, we focused on one potential marker, cholecystokinin (CCK...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tilmicosin on echocardiographic measurements in donkeys. For this purpose, placebo and tilmicosin 30% (10 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously to clinically healthy donkeys (n = 10) in a randomized prospective crossover study. Cardiac functi...

Nitric oxide has bactericidal and virucidal properties. Nasal instillation of a nitric oxide releasing solution (NORS) on arrival at the feedlot was recently reported as inferior to a parenteral injection of tilmicosin (macrolide antibiotic) for control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cat...

The present study evaluated the toxic effects of Tilmicosin (TIL) on adult rats. The rats received a single subcutaneous injection of TIL at different doses (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg bw). TIL altered the biochemical parameters including liver and kidney function markers, glucose level and li...

ABSTRACTThe objective of these studies was to determine the effects of feeding tilmicosin on health and performance of newly received beef cattle. Beef heifers (n = 480) were used in 2 studies to determine effects of oral tilmicosin on health and performance. In Exp. 1, 320 heifers (BW = 196 ± ...

The response mechanisms of microalgal mutant Chlorella PY-ZU1 cells were investigated in their removal of antibiotic tilmicosin from wastewater under 15% CO2. Low concentrations (0.01–2 mg L−1) of tilmicosin in wastewater stimulated the growth of microalgal cells, whereas high concentrations (5...

To evaluate the microbiological safety of tilmicosin on human intestinal microflora, four chemostat models of healthy human colonic ecosystems were exposed to tilmicosin (0, 0.436, 4.36, and 43.6 μg/mL) for 7 days. Prior to and during drug exposure, three microbiological endpoints were monitore...

This work aims to help improve the electrostatic safety design and explosion prevention of medical facilities. In this study, the minimum ignition energies (MIEs) of Florfenicol, Tilmicosin and mixtures of Florfenicol and Tilmicosin at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 1:4 were measured in a Hartmann ...

Tilmicosin (TMS) is a macrolide used extensively for pulmonary infections in clinical veterinary medicine. However, TMS has frequent administration and short elimination half-life. Therefore, tilmicosin–gelatine microspheres (TMS–GMS) were prepared by an emulsion-chemical cross-linking techniq...

The relative effect between combined antibiotic and anaerobic digestion (AD) is poorly understood. This study evaluated the effect of antibiotic removal during AD and the combination of florfenicol, tylosin and tilmicosin on the performance of AD and examined the ways in which these antibiotics ...

The recent advances in microbial biotechnology of production of bile acid metabolites helped to identify a number of neutral and acidic steroidal compounds useful as drugs and drug intermediates on a scale which would not have been possible by classical chemical transformations. Microbial transf...

A highly sensitive gas chromatographic assay is described for the simultaneous determination of gallopamil, a calcium channel blocking agent, and its major metabolite, norgallopamil. A multi-step extraction procedure is employed followed by on-column capillary gas chromatographic analysis using ...

In air, hydrated ethanolic (95%) solution of 2-(aminomethyl) substituted pyridine and quinoline, on stirring with half equivalent of Cu(OAc)2·H2O, respectively afforded [Cu(bpca)(OAc)(H2O)]·H2O (1) and [Cu(bqca)(OAc)(H2O)] (2) {bpca = bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)diimide ion and bqca = bis(2-quinolyl...