1,2-Bis(sulfonyl)hydrazine derivatives, designed to generate several of the electrophilic species classically believed to be responsible for the alkylating (chloroethylating) and/or carbamoylating activities of the chloroethylnitrosoureas (CNUs), were compared with respect to the cross-linking a...

Using null mutant mice for the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A−/−), extracellular electrophysiological recordings were first conducted to evaluate the impact of its genetic deletion on the firing rate of dorsal raphe 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons. Experiments were also done using brain slices to as...

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMillettia pulchra Kurz var-laxior (Dunn) Z. Wei, a wild-growing plant of the family Fabaceae is known to possess multifarious medicinal properties. Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSPS) is a chief ingredient of its root, which has been used in Chinese traditional medicin...

During our continued search for strong skin whitening agents over the past ten years, we have investigated the efficacies of many tyrosinase inhibitors containing a common (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold, which we found to be essential for the effective inhibition of mushroom a...

The electrocoagulation (EC) process was used to pretreat wastewater from the manufacture of wet-spun acrylic fibers, and the effects of varying the operating parameters, including the electrode area/wastewater volume (A/V) ratio, current density, interelectrode distance and pH, on the EC treatme...

In the present investigation we report the first target specific, highly diastereoselective synthesis of new class of pyranoquinolinyl/furoquinolinyl-acrylic acid diastereomers and evaluation of their invitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All the products were thoroughly characterized by 1...

Background:Systemic antihistamines such as loratadine are efficacious in the treatment of many allergic conditions. However, their use has been associated with drying effects, particularly of the ocular surface.Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the ocular drying effects of topi...

A novel cyclic depsinonapeptide antifungal 1a (Sch 57697) and its isomer 1b were synthesized by a fragment coupling approach and this methodology was applied to the total synthesis of the natural product aureobasidin A. Synthetic strategies for coupling of N-methyl amino acids with minimal racem...

The gene (aba1) encoding the NRPS complex responsible for the synthesis of the cyclic peptide antibiotic Aureobasidin A (AbA) in Aureobasidium pullulans BP-1938, was cloned using a combination of PCR and library screening approaches. The aba1 gene was found to consist of a single, intronless ope...

The human MDR1 gene encodes the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Although the MDR2/Pgp shares about 80% identity at the amino acid level with the MDRI/Pgp, the MDR2/Pgp cannot act as a multidrug transporter. We examined the drug sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing eithe...

Inositol phosphorylceramide synthase (IPC synthase) is an essential and unique enzyme in fungal sphingolipid biosynthesis and is the target of the cyclic nonadepsipeptide antibiotic aureobasidin A. As a first step towards understanding the mechanism of aureobasidin A inhibition, we developed a f...

A site-specific ring opening reaction for the antifungal depsipeptide aureobasidin A occurred on treatment with HF at room temperature for 1 hour. The open-chain peptide thus obtained was recyclized to afford the original aureobasidin A without any modification.

The first total synthesis of antifungal cyclic depsipeptide aureobasidin A is described. The synthesis was achieved mainly using bromotris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBroP) as a coupling reagent. Peptide cyclization was carried out between L-allo-isoleucine (L-alle1) and L- Pr...

Aureobasidin A (AbA), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by Aureobasidium pullulans R106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. Here we report the inhibitory effects of AbA on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal g...

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is implicated in multiple drug resistance (MDR) exhibited by several types of cancer against a multitude of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. This problem prompted several research groups to search for effective P-gp inhibitors. Cyclosporine A (CsA), aureobasidin A (AbA) a...

[2S,3S-Hmp]-Aureobasidin L 2 has been successfully synthesised through a combination of solution- and solid-phase peptide synthesis. All of the Fmoc-protected residues including a depsidipeptide, Fmoc-MeVal-Hmp-OH, were prepared in solution phase. Chain elongation on chlorotrityl resin was under...

BackgroundBiofilm is known to contribute to the antifungal resistance of Candida yeasts. Aureobasidin A (AbA), a cyclic depsipeptide targeting fungal sphingolipid biosynthesis, has been shown to be effective against several Candida species.

A new naphthalene ring-containing bis(ester amine), 1,5-bis(4-aminobenzoyloxy)naphthalene (2), was synthesized from the condensation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride followed by catalytic hydrogenation. A series of naphthalene-containing poly(ester amide)s having inherent...

20,26-Dihydroxyecdysone (20,26-ECD) isolated from Vitex canescens, V. glabrata and V. pinnata has been shown to exist as two C-25 epimers. Synthesis and separation of the two epimers were accomplished and they exhibited different degree of moulting hormone activity in the Musca assay.

[3H]Batrachotoxinin A-20-α-benzoate (BTX-B) bound to a single class of high affinity (Kd = 79 nM), low capacity (Bmax = 4.8 pmol/mg protein) sites associated with voltage-sensitive sodium channels in mouse brain vesicle preparations. DDT stimulated the specific binding of 20 nM [3H]BTX-B, produ...