Tylogenin, a steroidal aglycone generated by acid hydrolysis from two seasonal glycosides occurring in Tylophora sylvatica, inhibits IgE-induced basophil mediator release for allergic reactions. In the rabbit basophil-dependent serotonin release (BDSR) assay system, the inhibitory activity of ty...

We have investigated the relaxant effect of the potassium channel openers, NIP-121 and cromakalim, on spontaneous and spasmogen-induced tone in the isolated guinea-pig trachea. NIP-121 and cromakalim fully suppressed the spontaneous tone in a concentration-dependent manner and the maximal respon...

A novel compound, NIP-121, cromakalim and nicorandil caused concentration-dependent relaxation of rat aortas precontracted with 30 mM KC1, with pEC50 (M) values of 8.2, 7.1 and 5.5, respectively. At 60 mM KC1, the vasorelaxation induced by NIP-121 or cromakalim was almost abolished whereas that ...

Possible involvement of endothelium was examined in the vasorelaxation of rat aorta in response to NIP-121 ((+)-7,8-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-7-hyroxy-8-(2-oxo-1-piperidinyl)-6H-pyrano[2,3-f]benz-2,1,3-oxadiazole), an ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel opener. The NIP-121-induced vasorelaxation was grea...

3,6-Disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles together with the unknown systems 2-(3-aryl-5-methyl-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were obtained by anodic oxidation, under aprotic conditions, of aryl aldehyde N-(5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) hydrazones. Mechanistic...

This study reports the synthesis of the novel crystalline 4-phenyl-3-((4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione compound in an excellent yield via multi-steps reactions. Probability of the thiol⇔thione tautomerism reaction occurrence via single-proton intramigration ...

Five new mononuclear complexes with 2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (L) have been synthesized, namely [ZnLCl2] (1), [NiL2(H2O)2)]Cl2·0.5N2H4 (2), [MnL2]·3H2O (3), [CdL2(NO3)2] (4) and [MnL2(Pa)2] (5, Pa = m-phthalic acid). All these compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR a...

AimToday, the role of some nutritional supplements maintaining soft lean mass and obesity treatment has been proven. Among these supplements, beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB), has become popular recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 6-week HMB supplementa...

SummaryBackground & aimsβ-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is purported as a key nutritional supplement for the preservation of muscle mass in health, disease and as an ergogenic aid in exercise. Of the two available forms of HMB (calcium (Ca-HMB) salt or free acid (FA-HMB)) – differences in pl...

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite available in calcium salt (CaHMB) and free acid forms as a sports nutrition ergogenic aid. HMB has also been used to support muscle health in the elderly and other populations needing to maintain muscle mass. Several human studies have r...

Total mRNA, extracted from brain of the marine worm, Nereis diversicolor (Annelida, Polychaeta), was translated either in vitro using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate or in ovo (Xenopus laevis oocyte). The synthesized polypeptides were analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques usin...

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are implicated in many diseases and attractive targets for drug discovery. Peptide fragments derived from protein ligands of GPCRs are commonly used as probes of GPCR function and as leads for drug development. However, these peptide fragments lack the structu...

AimsThe innate immune response induced by bacterial peptidoglycan peptides, such as γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), is an important host defense system. However, little is known about the innate immune response in the lung alveolar region. In this study, we examined induction of...

In Lymnaea stagnalis integumental Na+ uptake is stimulated by the sodium influx stimulating (SIS)-peptide. Its primary structure was determined as: SRTQSRFASYELMGTEGTECVTTKTISQICYQCATRHEDSFVQVYQECCKKEMGLREYCEEIYTELPIRSGLWQPN. Antisera raised against parts of SIS-peptide stained neurons in the vi...

This paper reports the immunocytochemical and biochemical evidence of a sodium influx stimulating related peptide (SIS-like peptide) in the brain of the leech Theromyzon tessulatum. Cells immunoreactive to both polyclonal antisera raised against the N-terminal (fragment 10–19) or the C-terminal...

In this study, RNA polymerase I expressed replicons containing EGFP and luciferase reporter genes controlled by influenza vRNA or cRNA promoters were compared side-by-side in the ability to detect influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity as an indicator of influenza replication. Results s...

The small Mr, proteins of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus) are soluble in 60% (by vol) methanol. These proteins, classified as albumins on the basis of their solubility in water, were isolated from a salt extract of sunflower seed by precipitating the 11S globulins with 60% (by vol) methanol a...

In order for a protein to elicit a systemic allergic response it must reach the circulatory system through the intestinal mucosa as a sufficiently large fragment with adequate structural integrity. Sunflower LTP and 2S albumins (SFA8 and three mixed fractions of Alb1 and Alb2) were digested in s...

SummaryBoth the narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis) and tobacco plants were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing binary vectors with the gene coding for the methionine-rich 2S albumin of Brazil nuts under the control of either the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter or th...

We investigated refrigerant blends as possible low GWP (global warming potential) alternatives for R-134a in an air-conditioning application. We carried out an extensive screening of the binary, ternary, and four-component blends possible among a list of 13 pure refrigerants comprising four hydr...