Bis(carboxytrifluoroborate lithium) salts [R(CH2COOBF3Li)2] with oxyethylene groups R of oligomeric molar masses [R = O(CH2CH2O)n, where n = 3 or 11, BCB3 and BCB11, respectively] were synthesized via reaction of carboxylates salts with boron fluoride. The new salts were characterized by spectro...

We report a systematic investigation of structural, spectroscopic, optical and magnetic behavior of xNi2O3·(100 − x)[3B2O3·PbO2] vitroceramic system with x = 0–50 mol% Ni2O3 synthesized by melt quenching. X-ray diffraction investigation reveals the amorphous nature of samples with x ≤ 20 mol...

A new group of room temperature molten salts based on asymmetric isobutyl(trihexyl)phosphonium cation with different chelated orthoborate anions are presented in this report. The physicochemical properties of these compounds as glass transition temperature, thermal stability, viscosity and condu...

Lithium borate glasses exhibit the “boron anomaly” and clustering of the lithium ions. Bødker et.al (Bødker, Mauro, Youngman, & Smedskjaer, 2019) predicted the Tg using statistical mechanics and topological constraint theory (TCT) over a wide range of contents (to 65 mol% Li2O). Although Bødke...

Single crystals of Li6Y(BO3)3 have been grown by both the Bridgman and Czochralski methods. It was found that the complex nature of the melt solidifications affects the efficiency of the crystallization process and the composition of the grown crystals. High supercooling favored melt dissociatio...

Scandium sulfite was found to crystallize as a pentahydrate both at 25 and 90 °C when precipitated by the action of sulfur dioxide on aqueous suspensions of Sc(OH)3. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the anhydrous sulfite is formed by 200 °C but it starts to decompose immediately after it...

To efficiently obtain multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) spectra of the nuclide 45Sc (I = 7/2), we have combined several previously suggested techniques to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and to improve spectral resolution for the test sample, scandium sulphate pentahydrate (ScSPH)....

The accumulation of aggregated forms of the α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Extensive evidences have shown the promising effects of Ginkgo biloba consumption on motor activity after PD. ...

Gemcitabine resistance will occur by time after the initial response in pancreatic cancer. Ginkgolide B (GB), a major terpene lactone component of Ginkgo biloba leaves, is a highly selective and competitive inhibitor for platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor. In the present study, we evaluat...

Four solvates of ginkgolide K with dimethyl sulfoxide(I), water molecule(II), acetone-isopropyl alcohol(III), methanol-ethanol(IV) and one solvate-free (V) have been described in this work. And the solid-state techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared ...

BackgroundFinding novel agent for cerebral ischemia therapy is urgently required. In our present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Ginkgolides B (GB) in hypoxia-injured PC-12 cells.

The terpenoid lactones from Ginkgo biloba, bilobalide and ginkgolides, have been shown to act as negative modulators at α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors. They have structural features similar to those of the chloride channel blocker picrotoxinin. Unlike picrotoxinin, however they are not known to prod...

The blood–brain barrier permeability of ginkgolide B was examined using positron emission tomography (PET) probes of a 18F-incorporated ginkgolide B ([18F]-2) and a 11C-incorporated methylbenzyl-substituted ginkgolide B ([11C]-3). PET studies in monkeys showed low uptake of [18F]-2 into the bra...

Variations on the efficacy of commercial Ginkgo biloba preparations have been reported, although all the products follow the same standards. Terpene trilactones (TTLs), including bilobalide (BB) and ginkgolides, are one of the main active components in G. biloba extract and have been received th...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases worldwide and has continuously increased. NAFLD refers to a spectrum of diseases ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even to hepatocyte carcinoma. Excessive fatty acid enters the cell and the mit...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean phospholipid, as a steric stabilizer, on improving dissolution rate, storage stability and bioavailability of ginkgolides. The ginkgolides coarse powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), soybean phospholipid and sodium dode...

Ginkgo diterpene lactones meglumine injection (GDLI) is a commercially available product used for neuroprotection. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of the prototypes and hydrolyzed carboxylic forms of the primary components in GDLI, i.e., ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), and ginkgoli...

Ginkgolides are the major bioactive components of Ginkgo biloba extracts, however, the exact constituents of Ginkgolides contributing to their pharmacological effects remain unknown. Herein, we have determined the anti-inflammatory effects of Ginkgolide B (GB) and Ginkgolides mixture (GM) at equ...

Ginkgolide C, isolated from Ginkgo biloba, is a diterpene lactone that has multiple biological functions and can improve Alzheimer disease and platelet aggregation. Ginkgolide C also inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study evaluated whether ginkgolide C reduced lipid accumu...

Ginkgolides are diterpenoid trilactones responsible for the neuromodulatory properties of Ginkgo biloba extracts. They are to be hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions as mixed carboxylate forms potentially including three monocarboxylates, three dicarboxylates and one tricarboxylate. Characterizations...