3-Methyl-5-nitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)uracil has been obtained by regioselective arylation of uracil using 4-nitrofluorobenzene, followed by methylation at the nitrogen atom N-3 and subsequent nitration of the uracil ring. 3-Methyl-5-nitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)uracil, which was treated with either certa...

This study reports the importance of physicochemical characteristics of the core-shell structured polymer-coated Fe3O4 [email protected]2 nanocomposite particles for designing the biocatalysts used for transesterification of soybean oil. To demonstrate this issue, two different types of polymer ...

Forskolin, a labdane diterpenoid, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities. (13R)-manoyl oxide (13R-MO) is the precursor of forskolin. As forskolin is a structurally complex, highly oxidized compound, chemical synthesis is tedious and difficult. Herein, we present a biosynthesis meth...

The α polypeptide of the 13S globulin subunit of common buckwheat is the counterpart of the major allergenic β polypeptide. Trypsin digestibility varies between variants of the α polypeptide with and without a tandem repeat insert. To evaluate the intra-species diversity of 13S globulin, the ...

We previously discovered that palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) is a potent vasodilator first identified and released from the superior cervical ganglion and remain understudied. Thus, we investigated PAME's role in modulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuroprotection after 6 min of car...

Vapour pressures of methyl decanoate, methyl undecanoate, methyl tetradecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate and methyl octadecanoate were measured by using the static technique. Vapour pressures of methyl dodecanoate, methyl tridecanoate, methyl tetradecanoate, methyl heptadecanoate, and methyl octade...

A diastereomeric mixture of Rp- and Sp- N-[O-methyl phosphorothioic acid]leucinamides were synthesized by thiophosphorylation of leucinamide followed by monodealkylation of the phosphate methyl ester. Individual diastereomers were prepared by a sequence utilizing selective protection of the thio...

A synthetic route to obtain (R)-(−) (1), (S)-(+)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-α-phenylglycinate (2) and derivatives is described. In a first step, pyrrole derivatives were prepared using the Clauson-Kaas method. The esterification, second step, was performed using basic condition...

Spinosad and indoxacarb are two relatively new insecticides mainly used in agriculture to control insect pests. However, at their current application rates, non-target aquatic insect species may also be impacted. In this study, larvae of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius were exposed in t...

The use of insecticides based on metabolites found in live organisms, such as the insecticide spinosad, has been an option for the control of agricultural pests because of the allegedly low toxicological risk for nontarget arthropods, such as stingless bees. In the current study, we evaluate the...

Bees experience substantial colony losses, which are often associated with pesticides. Besides synthetic insecticides biological compounds such as spinosad are used in agriculture and organic farming against insect pests. However, potential adverse effect at sublethal concentrations to pollinato...

Spinosad is a naturally-occurring insecticide used for the management of Ae. aegypti larvae. The assessment of ecotoxicological parameters of spinosad is required for verifying the environmentally-friendly behavior of the compound and for evaluating toxicity values on non-target species. Thus, t...

Populations of stingless bees have declined around the world and pesticides have been indicated as one of the possible causes of this decrease. Spinosad, which is synthesized from the fermentation process produced by the soil actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa, is one of the most used bioins...

Spinosad (Tracer™), produced by an actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora spinosa, was aerially applied on early season cotton at a spray rate of 9.35 L ha−1 with a bipolar electrostatic aerial spray system, charged on and off. The charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) for spinosad was 0.7714 mC kg−1 at ±9.0 kV ...

Females developed notably higher resistance than males in a spinosad-resistant house fly strain, however, resistance factors responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. In this study, the potential role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in the sex-differential spinosad resist...

Spinosad (SPN) is a naturally-occurring insecticide obtained from the fermentation process of the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Owing to the larvicidal action, the compound has been used in the control of Aedes aegypti. As a new insecticide commercially available in the market, few dat...

In this paper, we synthesized amphiphilic chitosan using one-pot method with the goal to develop delivery system for the natural pesticide spinosad. Chitosan-Isoleucine-Polyethylene glycol methyl ether (CIP) copolymers based nanomicelles (CIPNMs) were prepared by self-assembly with the assistanc...

Spinosad is one of the most extensively used bio-pesticide in the world. The effects of pesticide in human health are mainly associated with its residue in food or occupational exposure in agricultural production. The lung is the direct target of pesticides exposure, although the study of inhala...

Spinosad has been extensively used for insect control in agricultural crops. In the present study, a novel succinic derivative of spinosyn A as the hapten was synthesized, and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was developed using a new monoclonal antibody (desig...

Proton pump inhibitors, the reference standard in adults with acid-related disorders, are increasingly being used in children despite limited pediatric safety and pharmacokinetic data. This study evaluated these parameters in rats aged 21–60 days, which approximately correlates with children ag...