The aim of this study was to determine if transdermal penetration of fenoterol, a β-agonist drug, could be enhanced and controlled by formulation modification and formulation of transdermal patches. Pre-formulation studies were performed to determine the feasibility of a transdermal dosage form...

Despite considerable progress in the field of perinatal care, infectious diseases, especially when caused by gram negative bacteria, remain a major reason for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Notably infants born prematurely and those with very low birth weight are at risk due to their immature...

BackgroundThe role of sympathetic nervous system in the osseous tissue remodeling is not clear enough.

A simple selective luminescent dependent approach was established for quantitation of two selective β2 agonists namely; Fenoterol hydrobromide (FEN) and Salmeterol xinafoate (SAL). This approach utilizes the capability of the cited drugs to undergo a complexation reaction with Europium ion (Eu3...

Cis, cis, cis-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentane / 0.5 [PdCl(C3H5)]2 system catalyses the Heck reaction of vinylsilane derivatives with a range of aryl bromides with high ratio substrate/catalyst in good yields. The formation of mixtures of styrene, (E)-triethyl(2-arylethenyl)...

Metallocene complexes of type Cp′2MCH(TMS)2 (Cp′ = η5-Me5C5, M = Y, Sm), Me2SiCp″2SmCH(TMS)2 (Cp″ = η5-Me4C5) catalyze rapid and clean hydrosilylation of CH2CHSiMe2R (R = Me, Ph, NMe2, OtBu) with PhSiH3. The distribution of 1,2-addition product versus 2,1-addition product was found to be s...

Enantiomerically enriched (E)- and (Z)-configured α-acetoxyallylsilanes have been prepared starting from a chiral acylsilane bearing an asymmetric unit at the silicon portion. Treatment of these compounds with organocuprates afforded the respective vinylogous substitution products in high yield...

SummaryThe chiral (S)- and (R)-N-[3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxypropylidene](p-chlorophenylmethyloxy)amines ((S)-1a and (R)-1a) and their corresponding N-tert-butyl-substituted analogs ((S)-1b and (R)-1b) were synthesized from optically active precursors of known absolute configuration by procedur...

We report the adiabatic electron affinity of the cyanobenzyl radical, EA(PhCHCN) = 1.90 ± 0.01 eV, determined from a combination of the experiment and theory, and assign an upper limit of the EA for the chlorobenzyl radical, EA(PhCHCl) ≤ 1.12 eV. From these results, the CH bond dissociation en...

The absorption spectra of the α-chlorobenzyl and anilino radicals have been recorded in the vapor phase together with a new band for α-chlorobenzyl radical at shorter wavelengths (236.5 nm), probably the first Rydberg band of the radical, and subsequent reactions have been investigated by kine...

A gold-catalyzed glucosylation method using an o-ethynylphenyl β-D-1-thioglucoside as donor is described. The reaction proceeds in a mostly SN2 pathway. A series of α-D-glucosides are obtained in good yields and with up to 19:1 α-selectivity.

Tolerant strains of Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum) metabolize the phytoalexin xanthotoxin to 5-(2-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxybenzofuran. This compound does not inhibit the growth of strains that are sensitive to xanthotoxin itself and all xanthotoxin-tolerant and xant...

Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene is upregulated in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), and its expression level is strongly correlated with the severity of allergic symptoms. We previously reported isolation of the putative anti-allergic compound, 4-methoxybenzofuran-5-carboxamide (MBCA) from ...

A series of novel 5-(3-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-(6-methoxy-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives has been synthesized from 6-methoxy-3-methylbenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid and ethyl 3-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate. The structures of compounds obtained were determined by IR, 1H NMR ...

A one-flask conversion of cyclic ketones to N-methyl lactams is described. Reaction of the ketone with triethylorthoformate generates an acetal which is reacted in situ with N-(((p-nitrobenzene)sulfonyl)oxy methylamine 2a(CH3NH-OSO2C6H4NO2). Dealkylation of the resulting O-ethyl imidate with sod...

Two lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) using 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) and Ln(III) nitrate hydrate (Ln = Eu, Er) as precursors have been prepared through a one-step solvothermal approach. The as-synthesized compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoel...

Triploid breeding is an effective way to obtain seedless hybrids. In addition to artificial breeding, some triploid cultivars occur naturally in the genus Citrus. ‘Yellow Bell’, a new lemon cultivar recently patented in Japan was selected from the small seed of an open-pollinated ‘Villafranca...

Microplastics (MPs) are a major global issue in the marine environment, and fish inhabiting coastal environments are susceptible to the ingestion of MPs. Knowledge regarding MPs in fish along the coast of China is very limited. In this study, the characteristics and retention of MPs in 19 fish s...

A hydrazine derived ESIPT active Schiff base, 1-(8-methanylylidene-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one)-2-(2, 4-dihydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine, L was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques. L exhibited a colourimetric response towards Cu2+ io...

Two graphene-based materials were prepared by exfoliation of graphite rod with pulses of current. The first material (denoted EGr-1) was exfoliated in a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid (3:1 ratio; 0.5 M each; pH 1) giving a material composed of graphene (40% few-layer; 32% multi-layer) and ...