Reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-dinitroimidazole with hydrazine results in expansion of the imidazole ring and formation of the 1,2,4-triazine derivative. Reaction of 1,4-dinitroimidazole with N-aminomorpholine yields 1-(N-morpholino)-4-nitroimidazole, by degenerative transformation of the imidazole ri...

The general synthesis and a novel intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction of 2-carboxamido-3-arylquinazolin-4-ones, a potentially useful scaffold in the field of medicinal chemistry, are described. The synthetic utility of the SNAr reaction as a tool for the synthesis o...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter describes the recent advances in the chemistry of phenoxazine. From the different suggested numberings of the phenoxazine nucleus, at present only two systems are widely used. Throughout this chapter the numbering system has been adopted as being the most frequent t...

An assay for determination of one of the styrene mercapturic acids [(N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine] was developed. Styrene mercapturic acid in urine samples was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Urine samples from 6 indi...

Styrene (S) has been shown to be responsible for neurotoxic effects, including behavioural changes and neuroendocrine disturbances. The initial step of S metabolism is conversion to styrene 7,8-epoxide (SO), which is present in two enantiomeric forms [(R)(+)-SO and (S)(−)-SO]; this electrophilic...

Folic acid (FA)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a widely used model for studies of the renal damage and its progression to chronic state. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FA induces AKI remain poorly understood. Since renal function depends on mitochondrial homeostasis, it has bee...

Development of a surface with simultaneous antibacterial and antistatic properties is necessary for some special environments like operating rooms and high-tech industries. Multifunctional copper/ reduced single layer graphene oxide (Cu/ rSLGO) nanohybrid has been developed to induce these simul...

Fluorescent nanohybrids materials were fabricated from organosilane-functionalized halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), covalently bonded to new mixed-valence Cu(I,II) complex CuICuII(HOBt)2⋅CH3OH (HOBt = 1-hydroxybenzotriazole)]. Morphology, composition and optical properties of nanohybrids were charac...

The main initial photochemical reaction of ioxynil and chloroxynil in pure water is the photohydrolysis of C–halogen bond, leading, in both cases, to a monohalogenated dihydroxybenzonitrile. Reduction is observed as a minor pathway, especially when irradiation is carried out in the presence of ...

Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wave numbers of 3,4-dimethoxybenzonitrile (DMBN) were carried out by the ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) with complete relaxation in the potential energy surface using 6-311++G(d,p) ...

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 3,4-dimethoxybenzonitrile (34DMBN) have been analysed. Quantum chemical studies were performed with B3LYP method using 6-311++G(d,p), 6-31G(d,p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets. The electron donating effect of OCH3 and electron withdrawing effect of CN groups on the ring ...

BackgroundThe studied compound: 3-chloro-5-{[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-9H-xanthen-9-one dihydrochloride (HBK-6) is a new xanthone derivative. In this study we investigated its antidepressant-like properties and possible mechanism of action.

The rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl N-(bromoacetyl) anthranilate (Ib) has been measured in aqueous solution between pH 1 and 6.5 has been found to increase linearly with pH at pH higher than 3. An abnormally large apparent alkaline rate constant of 3.8 × 106 M−1 sec−1 has been determined. I...

The hydrolysis reaction rates of p-nitrophenyl anthranilate (p-NPA) have been surveyed in aqueous buffer solutions mixed with acetonitrile (MeCN) containing various salts at 50 ± 0.1 °C. Increase in pH of the buffer solution from 8.50 to 10.0 results in an increase of the hydrolysis rate const...

Stimuli-responsive organic luminescent materials have attracted increasing attention for their specific chemical and physical properties and potential application in many fields, such as sensing materials, optoelectronic devices and security papers. In this work, we designed and synthesized thre...

The exceptional topoisomerase I-targeting activity and antitumor activity of 5-(2-N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl-8,9-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5H-dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-one (ARC-111, topovale) prompted studies on similarly substituted benzo[i]phenanthridine-12-carboxylic ester and amide der...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents the reactions leading to the benzo[c]cinnoline ring system. The chapter discusses the cyclization reactions of biphenyl derivatives including 2-substituted biphenyls. In these reactions when certain derivatives of 2-aminobiphenyl, having activating substitu...

A gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (GC–MS/MS) method has been established for the determination of cyanide in surface water. This method is based on the derivatization of cyanide with 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol in surface water. The following optimum reaction conditions were esta...

We developed the synthesis of a series of thiophene-fused tetracyclic analogues of the antitumor drug ametantrone. The reactions included nucleophilic substitution of methoxy groups in 4,11-dimethoxyanthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-diones with ethylenediamines, producing the derivatives of 4,11-diami...

Semiempirical PM3 calculations were performed on several organolithium complexes with (R,R)-2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)butane. The calculations showed that the ligand binding mode is dependent on the aggregation state of the organolithium, and may bind via the nitrogen atoms, oxygen ato...