We devised a simple and effective purification for the microdetermination of prostaglandin B1 (PGB1), a metabolite of PGE1. [180]PGB1 was synthesized by the repeated base-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl ester derivatives in H2180, to obtain an internal standard for the gas chromatography/selected...

High level of naproxen consumption leads to the appearance of this drug in the environment but its possible effects on non-target organisms together with its biodegradation are not well studied.The aim of this work was to evaluate naproxen ecotoxicity by using the Microbial Assay for Risk Assess...

Thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, must adapt to the presence of fetal alloantigens. Prostaglandins (PGs) have diverse effects to activate or inhibit the immune response, but effects of early pregnancy on the expression of PG synthases in ovine maternal thymus are unclear. In this study, ovine ...

The cyclopentenone prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) is known to inhibit cell proliferation, and metabolism of this compound thus might be important in controlling its ultimate function. The glutathione-related metabolism of PGA2 was therefore investigated both with purified glutathione S-transferase P1-1...

Evidence indicates that abnormal phospholipase A2 (PLA2) levels and niacin insensitivity are present in individuals with schizophrenia. This study was designed to determine whether differences in plasma calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) exist bet...

Among naphthol derivatives tested in the Ames assay, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or naphthazarin was found to be the most effective inhibitor of benzo(a)pyrene mutagenicity. The inhibitory activity is due in part to the redox cycling of naphthazarin with the concommitant transfer of reducin...

Intestinal metabolism plays a significant role in the bioavailability of ingested environmental toxicants. In this study, the potential for first pass, phase 2 biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (BaP-7,8-diol) in intestinal mucosa was examined. Sulfotransferase and Uridine 5′-D...

In the present study, we investigated the proteomic profiling of anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (anti-BPDE)-transformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE-C) and its parental cell line (16HBE) G0/G1 cells. Differential analysis of proteomic profiling indicated that 67 ...

Oldenlandia diffusa(OD) and Scutellaria barbata (SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumors. In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of these two herbs on benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol. (BaP 7,8-DHD) and benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,...

Cellular adaptation is important to cope with various stresses induced by altered environmental conditions. By controlling mRNA translation rates cells may adapt to stress to promote survival. Phosphorylation of eIF2α at serine 51 is one of the pathways controlling mRNA translation. Here we inv...

Metabolism of resolved radioactive stereoisomer, [14C](+)-benzo-(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol by highly purified soybean lipoxygenase plus linoleic acid was investigated. Trans-anti-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol, the product of hydrolytic breakdown of ultimate mutagenic benzo(a)pyrene-anti-7,8-dih...

Chlorophyllin (CHL), the sodium and copper salt of chlorophyll, was tested for its chemopreventive activity against tumorigenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its ultimate electrophilic and carcinogenic metabolite, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE). Administration of CH...

Bioactivation of 14C-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol catalyzed by lipoxygenase purified from human term placenta of nonsmoking women and intrauterine conceptal tissues (at 4 weeks of gestation) was investigated. Incubation of 14C-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol with 3mM linoleic acid in the presen...

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) often co-exist in contaminated environments. Polychlorobiphenylols (OH-PCBs), formed by CYP-dependent monooxygenation of PCBs, are potent inhibitors of the glucuronidation of hydroxylated BaP metabolites. We hypothesized that OH-PCBs coul...

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed which enables the simultaneous determination of the urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. The method has small solvent cons...

Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) has been used as a model Arctic species for hazard assessment of environmental stressors such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, most of the PAH studies using polar cod rely on targeted biomarker-based analysis thus may not adequately address the co...

A metabolite of the known carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene 1-BPOH, is further metabolized by rat liver homogenate and microsomes. This oxidation is shown to be enzyme-catalyzed and dependent upon the presence of NADH and NADPH. Isolation of the final product yielded the BP...

This study shows that 1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene glucuronide and 1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene sulfate are formed in isolated rat hepatocytes. Formation of these conjugates by hepatocytes incubated with 1-acetoxy-[G-3H]benzo[a]pyrene (100 μM) as a source of intracellular 1-hydroxy-[G-3H]benzo[a]pyrene w...

3-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHB[a]P), one of the metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), has been determined in human urine using an automated column-switching procedure. The hydrolysed biological sample is centrifuged just prior to being injected into a reusable precolumn loop, which is packed wi...

The described high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FD) permits the simultaneous determination of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene as the most important metabolites of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benzo...