New type of (η3-allyl)palladium complexes, [η3-1-(formyl)allyl]palladium chloride and [η3-1-(dimethoxymethyl)allyl]palladium chloride, were efficiently synthesized and subjected to aldol reaction with an enol silyl ether.
A method is described for the measurement of 5,5-diphenylbarbituric acid in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Briefly, the compounds are separated on a C18 reversed-phase column using a mobile phase of 50 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.5) and methanol. The flow-rate...
An efficient asymmetric synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives is described. The key step is the stereoselective Michael addition using t-butyl ester of l-valine as a chiral auxiliary to achieve good ee (>95% for all the tested experiments) and moderate yield. With this method, (+)-4-(3-ch...
Cedronin was isolated from Simaba cedron Planchon (Simaroubaceae), a species popularly believed in South America to have antimalarial properties. It was examined for in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities and for cytotoxicity against KB cells. Experimental results showed that cedronin was ...
Proline–alanine-rich Ste20-related kinase (PASK, also referred to as SPAK) has been linked to ion transport regulation. Here, we report two novel activities of PASK: binding to tubulin and microtubules and the promotion of microtubule assembly. Tubulin binding assay showed that full-length PASK...
Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the vertebrate brain. After its release from presynaptic nerve terminals, it is rapidly taken up by high-affinity sodium-dependent plasma membrane transporters. While both neurons and glial cells express these excitatory amino acid transporters (E...
After a brief introduction highlighting the importance of the topic today, this chapter gives a historic review of cholera through the ages, including the discovery of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium and identification of its major virulence factor, the cholera toxin. It proceeds by describing hom...
Diarrhoeal disease caused by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is dependent on a delivery system that injects numerous bacterial ‘effector’ proteins directly into host cells. The best-described EPEC effectors are encoded together on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island a...
Charge translocation associated with the activity of the Na+/proline cotransporter PutP of Escherichia coli was analyzed for the first time. Using a rapid solution exchange technique combined with a solid-supported membrane (SSM), it was demonstrated that Na+and/or proline individually or togeth...
A 2 kb cDNA, RK-D, was isolated from a rabbit renal library by hybridization with the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) cDNA. The mRNA for RK-D is also approximately 2 kb and is found predominantly in kidney. The RK-D cDNA encodes a protein of 597 amino acids related in sequence to the SGLT fami...
The Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes was shown to generate a phlorizin-sensitive sodium leak in the absence of sugars. Using the current model for SGLT1, where the sodium leak was presumed to occur after two sodium ions are bound to the free carrier before gl...
Precise regulation of the intracellular concentration of chloride [Cl−]i is necessary for proper cell volume regulation, transepithelial transport, and GABA neurotransmission. The Na–K–2Cl (NKCCs) and K–Cl (KCCs) cotransporters, related SLC12A transporters mediating cellular chloride influx a...
The Na+/proline transporter of Escherichia coli (PutP) is a member of the Na+/solute cotransporter family (SCF) and catalyzes the uptake of proline by a Na+ dependent transport mechanism. Hydropathy profile analysis suggests that the protein consists of 12 transmembrane domains (TMs) that traver...
Cellular chloride transport has a fundamental role in cell volume regulation and renal salt handling. Cellular chloride entry or exit are mediated at the plasma membrane by cotransporter proteins of the solute carrier 12 family. For example, NKCC2 resorbs chloride with sodium and potassium ions ...
Transport proteins have sometimes gained secondary regulatory functions that influence gene expression and metabolism. These functions allow communication with the external world via mechanistically distinctive signal transduction pathways. In this brief review we focus on three transport system...
Activation of promoters by multiple transcription factors might occur through favorable contacts of the activators with themselves or RNA polymerase, or by changes in DNA geometry that enhance formation of the transcription complex. Transcription of the Escherichia coli uhpT gene, encoding the o...
This article reviews the controversy between the two methods by which polymer names and structures are stored in databases and presented by authors in publications such as books, encyclopedias, and journals. The two methods, known as source-based representation and structure-based representation...
Naltriben (NTB) is a selective antagonist for the putative δ2-opioid receptor. We have determined the regional kinetics and pharmacological profile of [3H]naltriben in vivo in mouse brain. After i.v. administration to CD1 mice, [3H]naltriben uptake and retention were high in striatum, cortical ...
The fundamentals and applications of poly(urethane)s are discussed in this chapter. A brief description of the discovery of polyurea is given. The monomers for the synthesis of poly(urethane)s consist of diisocyanates and polyols. The other monomers discussed here include polyamines, chain exten...
Environmental factors, particularly xenoestrogens adversely affect reproductive health and their main mechanism is based on steroid-signaling pathway alterations. The presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment has been confirmed and it is about to be replaced by analogues such as bisphenol...
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