Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was first isolated from the ovine hypothalamus with potency for cAMP elevation of pituitary cells. The PACAP precursor is cleaved by prohormone convertases to generate two types of PACAP molecular forms, PACAP27 and PACAP38. PACAP is wid...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a naturally occurring cationic peptide with potent immunosuppressant and cytoprotective activities. We now show that full length PACAP38 and to a lesser extent, the truncated form PACAP27, and the closely related vasoactive intestinal...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide highly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, where it exerts several neuromodulatory functions and is an important trophic and protective factor. PACAP has been shown to activate several protective pat...

BackgroundThe pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor (PAC1), a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has emerged as a promising target for treating neurodegenerative conditions. Unfortunately, despite years of research, no PAC1-specific agonist has been d...

The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays an important role in anterior pituitary hormone secretion, neurotransmission, and the control of breathing. Mice lacking PACAP die suddenly mainly in the 2nd postnatal week, coinciding temporally with a critical period of respi...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a multipotent neuropeptide with an amino acid sequence that is well conserved among vertebrates. In teleosts, including zebrafish, the PACAP gene (adcyap1) has been duplicated to yield adcyap1a (coding PACAP1) and adcyap1b (coding PAC...

Stress activates many brain nuclei and causes acute changes in several physiological and behavioral responses to restore homeostasis in affected organisms. While this response is protective, chronic stress exposure causes the sustained activation of these nuclei, leading to maladaptive physiolog...

Simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and mycophenolate phenol glucuronide (MPAG) in plasma and urine was accomplished by isocratic HPLC with UV detection. Plasma was simply deproteinated with acetonitrile and concentrated, whereas urine was diluted prior to analysis. Linearity w...

All-trans-retinoic acid induces acute promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation in vitro, and it produces greater than 90% complete remissions in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Despite the high response rate, the majority of patients relapse with continued trans-retinoic acid ther...

Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent available for oral or intravenous use in the treatment of a number of localized and disseminated mycoses. Animal models have shown in vivo activity against infections caused by Candida spp. and Crytococcus neoformans. Fluconazole is also active in anima...

ABSTRACT:Literature data pertaining to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing requirements for the approval of immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing fluconazole as the only active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are reviewed. The decision is bas...

PurposeImrecoxib is one type of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with the capability of reducing the potential cardiovascular risk caused by other NSAIDs. Co-administration with other medications can affect the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme function; thus, imrecoxib metabolism can be affected. The ...

Previously we have shown that trityl and diphenyl deoxyuridine derivatives and their acyclic analogues can inhibit Plasmodium falciparum dUTPase (PfdUTPase). We report the synthesis of conformationally restrained amide derivatives as inhibitors PfdUTPase, including both acyclic and cyclic exampl...

1-Aryl-2-phenyl-5-alkyl/aryl-1,3-diazapenta-1,3,4-triene 3 generated in situ aza-Wittig reactions of N′-aryl-N-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)carboximidamides 1 which are shown to undergo selective [4+2] cycloaddition and electrocyclisation reactions leading to the formation of novel pyrimidinone ...

Ketenes are mostly used as common starting materials for structurally diverse mono-, spiro- and fused six-membered heterocycles such as lactones, pyrans, pyronones, pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines, oxazine, quinoxalines, thiazines, oxathines, etc.

Single crystals of l-arginine hydrochloride monohydrate (LAHCl) were successfully grown at ambient temperature (28.5°C) from its aqueous solution (pH=5.4) by slow evaporation as well as by slow cooling methods.The as-grown crystal is of dimensions 2.8×4.5×1.2 cm3. Studies on the structural, c...

Favorable implant-tissue interactions are crucial to achieve successful osseointegration of the implants. Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an interesting alternative to titanium in orthopedics because of its low cost, high biocompatibility and comparable mechanical properties with cancellous b...

BackgroundAlthough fruit and vegetable-rich diets have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, we have little knowledge of the impact of fruits and their constituents, iridoids and anthocyanins, on the l-arginine-ADMA-DDAH pathway. Our previous study demonstrated the modulation of those f...

Reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy on normal cells such as endothelial cells is a determinant factor of treatment success especially in pregnant women. In this regard, modulatory effect of L-arginine on various cancers is still a controversial topic in cancer therapy. So, this study ai...

Although noticeable scientific and technological progress, cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and advancements in diagnosis, targeting and treating cancer cells are an urgency. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel amino acid and polypeptide modified polysaccharide...