It has been reported that phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) are potent regulators of plant defense. However, the mechanisms that phytochromes use to interfere with plant resistance to viral infection remain largely unclear. In this study, Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) was used ...

Although phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB have been functionally characterized, functions of phyC in rice growth and development have remained elusive because of the functional dependency of phyC on the phyB protein. In this study, we introduced PHYB(C364A), in which the chromophore attachment site...

The salivary glands are exocrine organs that secrete the complex fluid of saliva through ducts into the external environment. This article has four critical sections that focus on (1) anatomy of the minor and major salivary glands, (2) cellular architecture of parotid, submandibular, and subling...

Researchers now recognize the utility of surface plasmon resonance technology to evaluate interactions of microbial pathogens with host components. The surface adhesin and candidate vaccine antigen P1 of Streptococcus mutans, the main causative agent of dental caries, interacts with a high molec...

Salivary gland products are essential for oral health. Saliva is produced by three pairs of major glands, the parotid, the submandibular and sublingual glands, and by numerous minor glands scattered around the oral cavity. Salivary water and electrolyte secretion is an energy-consuming active tw...

BackgroundExtensive peptidomic studies of human saliva have resulted in considerable advances in the field of proteomics. As the next generation in salivary research, a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of in vivo peptides generated by proteolysis in the oral cavity has bee...

Saliva contains a large number of proteins that play various crucial roles to maintain the oral health and tooth integrity. This oral fluid is proposed to be one of the most important host factors, serving as a special medium for monitoring aspects of microorganisms, diet and host susceptibility...

Oral streptococci vary in their susceptibility to salivary agglutinin-mediated aggregation. To understand the molecular basis of this specificity, the structure and function of receptors for agglutinin from Streptococcus mutans KPSK2 (MSL-1) and Streptococcus sanguis M5 (SSP-5) were compared. Im...

Salivary agglutinin (SAG), also known as gp-340 and Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumours 1, is a glycoprotein that is present in tears, lung fluid and mucosal surfaces along the gastrointestinal tract. It is encoded by the Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumours 1 gene, a member of the Scavenger Recept...

This study aims to test the potential of histatin 5, cystatin S and α-amylase to reduce the colonization of three important oral species; Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis on two titanium (Ti) implant surfaces with different roughness and wettability. ...

Fine particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a prominent global public health risk factor that can cause respiratory infection by downregulating the amounts of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs). Both salivary agglutinin (SAG) and surfactant protein D (SPD) are important AMPs in respirat...

Titanium and alumina are very well suited as constituents of dental metal/ceramic implants because of their excellent biocompatibility and their special chemical and mechanical properties which can be exploited to tailor composite implant structures. However, prior attempts to join pure titanium...

The microstructure of TiTa30 alloys diffusion bonded to a 99.7 wt% AI2O3 ceramic was subdivided into a reaction double layer containing the intermetallic phases TiAl and Ti3AI and the (a + β) Ti microstructure. Excellent fracture toughness data of the TiTa30/AI2O3 joints of about 37 J/m2 were o...

Of utmost importance for the successful use of an implant is a good adhesion of the surrounding tissue to the biomaterial. In addition to the surface composition of the implant, the surface topography also influences the properties of the adherent cells. The aim of this investigation was thus to...

Two types of isoelastic endosseous dental implants were produced and their functionality was tested. One type consisted of a porous sintered TiTaSO alloy, the other had a special surface structure consisting of titanium wire loops. Their mechanical properties were optimized by the production par...

In recent years, implants have gained growing importance in all areas of medicine. Of these, orthopaedic and dental implants are routinely exposed to high mechanical loads such as friction and wear together with multiaxial, multistep fatigue. Sustaining these loads is one prime challenge of thes...

4-Amino-3-fluorophenyl boronic acid has been synthesized from 4-bromo-2-fluoroaniline by protecting the amine group and then carrying out a lithium–bromine exchange, followed by addition of trimethyl borate and then acidic hydrolysis. We obtained a 47% yield. We also measured the X-ray crystal ...

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of prolonged treatment with the selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, novel anti-parkinsonian drug, rasagiline (Azilect) in aged animals. Our findings from behavioral experiments demonstrated that long-term treatment ...

Neuroprotection is a therapeutic approach for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental thiamine deficiency (TD) in rats provides a model for selective neurodegeneration accompanied by chronic oxidative deficits. Rats exhibit neurological and cognitive impairments, which can be ...

It has long been recognized that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have a role in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). The MAO‐B inhibitor rasagiline has neuroprotective effects in animal models, mediated partly by its antiapoptotic activity. Rasagiline has been shown to be effecti...