Irradiated C57BL/6 (B6) mice which had received spleen cells from autoimmune-prone C57BL/6J-lpr/lpr (B6-lpr) mice underwent a graft-versus-host (GvH)-like reaction early after the spleen cell transfer, although both strains have the same background genes, including MHC and Mls gene, but differ o...

We report the synthesis of a new type of a caged L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester, a sugar derivative 2, and study its photochemical and immunological properties. Compared with those of the previously reportedo-nitrobenzyl caged compound, 1, and another new 4, 5-dimethoxy-2-nitorobenzyl caged com...

Pretreatment of newborn human foreskin epidermal cells (EC) with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OME) was found to dramatically inhibit their ability to serve as alloantigen-presenting cells in a primary, one-way, allogeneic mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction (MECLR) without signi...

l-Leucyl-l-leucine methyl esters (LeuLeuOMe) is a lysosomotropic agent that induces apoptosis of certain immune cells. Glucose-carrying 2-nitrobenzyl (2-NB) and 2-nitrophenethyl (2-NPE) caged LeuLeuOMe, 1a and b, were synthesized and their photochemical and immunological properties were studied....

Epstein-Barr virus-mediated transformation of human B lymphocytes is inhibited by human T lymphocytes as well as by interferon-γ. Removal of the inhibitory cell populations is essential in order to achieve successful transformation in vitro. Cells with the capacity to inhibit outgrowth of lymph...

In this study, we newly synthesized caged compounds of L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester and examined their photochemical and immunological properties. From the viewpoints of solubility in phosphate-buffered saline containing 1% dimethyl sulfoxide as well as photoreactivity, we chose two caged com...

l-Leucyl l-leucine methyl ester (LeuLeuOMe) is a lysosomotropic agent which is converted to a membranolytic compound by dipeptidyl peptidase I and kills human leukocytes such as CD8+ T cells and monocytes but not B cells. The reagent has also been used in mice on the assumption that the cell-typ...

Croconic acid, a polymer of carbon monoxide, exhibits very strong absorption in the blue and near ultraviolet. We propose that this material, as a minor contaminant of the sulfuric acid cloud droplets, may represent the absorber responsible for the ultraviolet cloud features and the pale yellow ...

Compound 21 (AM432) was identified as a potent and selective antagonist of the DP2 receptor (CRTH2). Modification of a bi-aryl core identified a series of tri-aryl antagonists of which compound 21 proved a viable clinical candidate. AM432 shows excellent potency in a human whole blood eosinophil...

The development of small molecule inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 is eagerly anticipated for treatment of cancer. We focused on the symmetry of the ternary complex structure of reported small molecule ligands and hPD-L1 homodimers, and designed partially- or fully-symmetric compounds for more potent in...

The synthesis and characterization of peripherally tetra-biphenyl-4-yl-methoxy substituted metal-free (4), Ni(II) (5), Cu(II) (6), Zn(II) (7), Co(II) (8) and Pb(II) (9) phthalocyanine derivatives are reported. These new phthalocyanine derivatives show the enhanced solubility in organic solvents ...

N-Substituted (1R,5S)-4-aminomethylidene-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ones were prepared in three steps from (1R)-(+)-camphor via coupling of (1R,4E,5S)-3-[(dimethylamino)methylidene]-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one with primary amines. N,N′-Bis-{[(1R,5S)-1,8,8-trim...

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and pro...

A straightforward procedure leading to the flavone cirsimaritin and its 4′-O-β-d-glycosylation to afford cirsimarin, its corresponding flavone glucopyranoside, is described. The biological properties of cirsimarin, measured on human adipocytes, showed potent effects on both lipolysis and lipog...

Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitam. ex Ohwi (C. ussuriense) is known as “Dae-Gye” or “Korean milk thistle”. C. ussuriense have long been used as a folk medicinal plant for inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, nephritis, and mastitis in Korea, China, and Japan. To reveal the ...

SummaryThree unknown compounds present in the urine of a patient with mild hyperphenylalaninemia were identified to be L-erythro-7-iso-biopterin, D-erythro-7-iso-neopterin, and L-erythro-6-oxo-7-iso-biopterin. The newly identified pterins were named primapterin, anapterin, and 6-oxo-primapterin,...

The major pterin in Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain W, earlier suggested to be l-threo-biopterin and named ciliapterin [1] is now identified as d-threo-neopterin (d-monapterin). This is the first example of a natural d-monapterin. This compound was characterized by its chromatographic behavior, i...

N2-(N,N-Dimethylaminomethylene)-1′-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-l-threo-biopterin (14) was prepared from l-xylose in an 11-step-sequence. The first synthesis of tepidopterin (3) was achieved by treatment of 14 with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-d-glucopyranosyl b...

Seven new zinc(II) complexes, K[Zn(dClQ)3]·2DMF (1), K[Zn(dClQ)3]·2DMF·H2O (2), [Zn(dBrQ)2(H2O)]2·DMF·H2O (3), [Zn(BrQ)2(H2O)]2·H2O (4), (HdClQ)2[ZnCl4]·2H2O (5), [Zn(dClQ)2(H2O)2]·H2O (6) and [Zn(CQ)2(H2O)2] (7) (5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-ol (dClQ), protonated 5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-ol (Hd...

Green sulfur photosynthetic bacteria Chlorobaculum (Cba.) tepidum and Cba. limnaeum were cultivated with the supplementation of 9-decyn-1-ol, 9-decen-1-ol, and decan-1-ol by two methods to biosynthesize unnatural chlorosomal bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) pigments possessing an (un)saturated bond at...