Publisher Summary[11C]-labeled-thymidine is the first radiotracer used for noninvasive imaging of tumor proliferation and one of the most appropriate pharmacodynamic tools to assess treatment response and assist early validation of novel anticancer agents, because its uptake is directly related ...

The transport of thymidine by the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis was examined at 0°C. This temperature prevented attachment of the cells to vessel walls, so that a rapid sampling technique could be used. Thymidine influx (distinguished from gross uptake) was readily measurable at 0°C ...

A pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase was partially purified from human blood platelets. The purified enzyme, as well as crude enzyme preparations, catalyses the phosphorolysis of thymidine and deoxyuridine, but not of uridine, and is able to catalyse direct pentosyl transfer from these deoxyrib...

The rate of DNA synthesis by human lymphocytes was studied in vitro by measuring unstimulated thymidine-2-14C incorporation (spontaneous lymphocyte blastogenesis; SLB). Freezing lymphocytes and extracting DNA after thawing did not alter the radioactive label count rate and was as efficient as ex...

Exposure of cultured L1210 cells to [2-14C]deoxycytidine and analysis of radioactivity incorporated into DNA-pyrimidines revealed that 2.7–5.5-fold more radioactivity is incorporated into DNA-thymine than into cytosine bases. Thus the pathway involving deamination of deoxycytidylate to deoxyuri...

2′-Fluoro-5-[14C]-methyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (FMAU) is an analog of thymidine (TdR) that is resistant to catabolism, is incorporated into DNA, and has been labeled with 11C for use with positron emission tomography. We compared the uptake and metabolism of [14C]FMAU with that of [3H]T...

The operation of a reductive pyrimidine catabolic and reutilization pathway in Tetrahymena pyriformis was investigated. Consistent with the proposed catabolic interconversions, radioactivity from [2,6-14C2]thymidine was recovered in respired CO2 30 min after its addition to the culture, whereas,...

The formation of aspartyl succinimide is a common post‐translational modification of protein pharmaceuticals under acidic conditions. We present a method to detect and quantitate succinimide in intact protein via hydrazine trapping and chemical derivatization. Succinimide, which is labile under...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents the numerical data and the simulated powder patterns of Tetrapropylammonium SAPO-40 material with zeolite framework type code AFR (recognized by IUPAC Commission on Zeolite Nomenclature) and 12.42° as 2θ value. Two compositions, which are expressed in ter...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have emerged recently as low-cost photovoltaic devices, giving impressive photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. However, the use of organic solvent-based liquid electrolytes in DSCs arises many problems in long-term applications. To overcome the drawbacks associ...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents the zeolite framework types (nomenclature), composition (chemical and refined), crystal data, reference, powder pattern identification table, simulated powder pattern, and calculated powder diffraction data of tetrapropylammonium fluoride AIPO-5 {|(C3H7)4NF...

Porous silica low-dielectric-constant (low-k) films were prepared using coating solutions containing a surfactant and various kinds of silica nanoparticles synthesized using different concentrations of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH). The effect of the TPAOH concentrations (TPAOH/Si molar ...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents the zeolite framework types (nomenclature), composition (chemical and refined), crystal data, reference, powder pattern identification table, simulated powder pattern, and calculated powder diffraction data of tetrapropylammonium SAPO-40 {|((C3H7)4NOH)4|[Si...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents the zeolite framework types (nomenclature), composition (chemical and refin(ed), crystal data, reference, powder pattern identification table, simulated powder pattern, and calculated powder diffraction data of tetrapropylammonium ZSM-5 {│((C3H7)4NOH)4│ [...

Due to liquid electrolyte limitation in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), GPEs were prepared and optimized. Poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate), P(VB-co-VA-co-VAc) acted as host polymer and tetrapropylammonium iodide, TPAI as dopant salt. The prepared gel polymer electrolytes...

Deep eutectic solvents are analogues of ionic liquids that are environmentally benign, have a range of desirable liquid properties and are easy to prepare. In this study, new tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are introduced. Different hydrogen bond donors (HB...

The new organic–inorganic compound, tetrapropylammonium tetrachloroantimonate(III), [N(C3H7)4][SbCl4], crystallizes at room temperature in the monoclinic system (P21/c space group) with the following unit cell parameters: a=18.1973(5) Å, b=15.7225(4) Å, c=15.7225 (3) Å, β=91.65(1)° and Z=4. T...

N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) has been reported to induce photoreceptor-specific degeneration with minimal inner retinal impact in small animals in vivo. Pending its use within a retinal transplantation paradigm, we here explore the effects of MNU on outer and inner retinal neurons and glia in an...

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases in humans characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells leading to a reduction of the peripheral visual field (known as tunnel vision) and eventually to blindness. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is an alkylating agent ...

The mutagenic potencies of 1,3-propane sultone (PS), N-propyl-N-nitrosourea (PNU), and mitomycin C (MMC) were investigated in three independent laboratories in Korea using the Pig-a assay in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or test substance on three consecutive days. Blood sa...