Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With PEG400 for 6h; Heating; | 96% |
With methanol | |
With ethylene glycol | |
With ethanol; water | |
With 2-ethoxy-ethanol; potassium iodide |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile With lithium hydroxide monohydrate In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 1-iodo-butane In tetrahydrofuran | 95.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 30℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 7h; Catalytic behavior; Solvent; Wavelength; Irradiation; | 94% |
With air; 15 wt% Na2H2[Si(W3O10)4] supported on γ-alumina at 180℃; under 760.051 Torr; | |
With oxygen In water at 99.84℃; under 22502.3 Torr; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | |
With α,α,α-trifluorotoluene; Ru/γ-Al2O3; oxygen In acetonitrile at 33℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 6h; Irradiation; Green chemistry; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With PEG400 for 7h; Heating; | 92% |
With polyethylene glycol |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; pyrographite; methanesulfonyl chloride at 100℃; for 1.5h; | 90% |
With ammonium hydroxide; 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 10h; | 90% |
With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; iron(II) sulfate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 4.5h; Reflux; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydroxyammonium sulfate; zinc for 0.35h; Microwave irradiation; | 88% |
With ammonium carbonate; diphosphorus tetraiodide In carbon disulfide at 20℃; for 9h; | 85% |
With ammonia; silica gel at 500℃; |
valeraldoxime
pentanonitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 8-bromocaffeine; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.0111111h; Microwave irradiation; chemoselective reaction; | 88% |
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; N-tosylimidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.583333h; Reflux; | 86% |
With acetyl chloride; zinc(II) oxide for 0.5h; Heating; | 85% |
pentanonitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; dihydrogen peroxide; acetic acid; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In water; acetonitrile for 0.25h; | 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C36H38Cl6N6Pd3S2 In water; acetonitrile at 80℃; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst; | 86% |
With Pd3P0.95 In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 4h; | 70% |
With ammonium sulphamate at 200℃; | |
Stage #1: pentamide With C39H45N2 In acetonitrile at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With phenylsilane In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; trichloroisocyanuric acid In water | 84.2% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With polyethylene glycol functionalized magnetic dicationic ionic liquid In water for 0.833333h; Reflux; Green chemistry; | 82% |
valeraldoxime
dimethylbromosulphonium bromide
A
pentanonitrile
B
dimethyl sulfoxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 4.5h; | A 81% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium In tetrachloromethane at 150℃; for 6h; Autoclave; | 78% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.666667h; | A 14% B 76% |
With tetraethylammonium bromide; 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.666667h; | A 73% B 14% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonia; 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In water; acetonitrile at 70℃; | 76% |
With ammonia; iodine In water; acetonitrile at 70℃; | 71% |
1-bromo-butane
N,N,N',N',N'',N''-Hexamethylguanidiniumcyanid
A
pentanonitrile
B
1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexamethylguanidiniumbromid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; | A 75% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N,N,N'N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine; carbon monoxide; water; hexarhodium hexadecacarbonyl In 2-ethoxy-ethanol at 40℃; under 6080 Torr; for 5h; | A 17% B 71% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine In acetonitrile | 71% |
Valeraldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone
pentanonitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminum oxide; Oxone for 0.0833333h; microwave irradiation; | 68% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetraethylammonium bromide; 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 3.5h; | 60% |
With sodium hypochlorite; tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydrogensulfate; sodium phosphate; sodium bromide In water; benzene for 0.75h; Ambient temperature; | 55% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,4-dioxane | 60% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
phenol In benzene at 35 - 50℃; for 16h; | 55% |
1-pentanamine
A
pentanal
B
pentanonitrile
C
N-pentylidenepentan-1-amine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 225℃; under 750.075 Torr; for 1h; Catalytic behavior; Mechanism; Time; Flow reactor; | A n/a B 54% C n/a |
A
cyclopentadienyl iron(II) dicarbonyl dimer
C
pentanonitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon monoxide; trimethylsilylazide In dichloromethane-d2 Flame sealing of Fe-compd. with Me3SiN3 (26°C), p-C6H4(SiMe3)2 and CD2Cl2 under 700 mmHg of CO in NMR tube; NMR identification after 14 h.; | A 20% B 22% C 51% |
With carbon monoxide; trimethylsilylazide In dichloromethane-d2 Flame sealing of Fe-compd. with Me3SiN3 (26°C), p-C6H4(SiMe3)2 and CD2Cl2 under 700 mmHg of CO in NMR tube; GC anal. of org. compd.; | A n/a B n/a C 48% |
propyl bromide
acetonitrile
A
pentanonitrile
B
di-N-propyl acetonitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium In toluene for 2h; Irradiation; | A 44% B 20% |
Cyclopentanone oxime
A
pentanonitrile
B
δ-chlorovaleronitrile
C
cyclopentanone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus pentachloride; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 80℃; for 2h; Beckmann fragmentation; | A 4.7 % Chromat. B 40.4% C 54.9 % Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trimethylsilylazide; silver carbonate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; for 12h; | 39% |
[(p-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]isonitrile
butyraldehyde
pentanonitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium tert-butylate In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at -55℃; for 0.833333h; | 38% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chromium dichloride; Fe(meso-tetra-4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin; acetate buffer pH = 4.2; mercury; zinc In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h; | A 37% B 15% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetyl chloride at 0 - 20℃; for 17h; | 99% |
With acetyl chloride at 0 - 20℃; for 19h; Cooling with ice; | 99% |
With hydrogenchloride at 0℃; for 96h; | 76% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [RuH(tBu-PNP(-))(CO)]; water In tert-butyl alcohol at 50℃; for 24h; | 99% |
With aluminum oxide; methanesulfonic acid at 120℃; for 0.25h; | 95% |
With cesium hydroxide; water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
enzyme from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 In phosphate buffer at 30℃; for 12h; pH=7.2; | 99% |
With benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid at 250℃; under 7600 Torr; for 0.5h; microwave irradiation; | 98% |
With benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid at 240℃; under 3040 Torr; for 1h; | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether at 20℃; for 24h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen at 130℃; under 750.075 Torr; for 20h; chemoselective reaction; | 99% |
Stage #1: pentanonitrile With ammonia; hydrogen; cobalt(II) diacetate tetrahydrate; zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; zinc In methanol at 120℃; under 30003 Torr; for 15h; Sealed tube; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 96% |
Stage #1: pentanonitrile With hydrogen; sodium triethylborohydride; cobalt(II) bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 110℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 24h; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 72% |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: potassium hydroxide / Raney nickel / 1 h / Heating 2: 2.88 g / hydrochloric acid / H2O / 0.25 h View Scheme |
pentanonitrile
cis-[Pt(CH3(CH2)3CN)2Cl2]
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given excess nitrile; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [2,2]bipyridinyl; palladium(II) trifluoroacetate; water; trifluoroacetic acid In tetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 36h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile; 4-chlorobenzaldehyde With hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 20h; High pressure; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 99% |
pentanonitrile
3-Chlorobenzaldehyde
N-(3-chlorobenzyl)pentan-1-aminium chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile; m-Chlorobenzaldehyde With hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 20h; High pressure; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile; 4-tert-Butylbenzaldehyde With hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 20h; High pressure; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: p-benzyloxybenzaldehyde; pentanonitrile With hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 20h; High pressure; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile; benzaldehyde With hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 20h; High pressure; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Metallation; Stage #2: diethyl chlorophosphate In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 0℃; for 0.25h; Substitution; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In tetrahydrofuran; hexane Hydrolysis; Further stages.; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen In cyclohexane at 25℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 6h; | 98% |
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; under 1125.11 Torr; for 5h; Catalytic behavior; Solvent; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile With n-butyllithium; diisopropylamine In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2,2-dimethylmalononitrile In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 20 - 80℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: benzyl bromide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; ammonium acetate; hydrogen In methanol at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 29h; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.0833333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: chloro-trimethyl-silane In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 25℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile With hydrogenchloride In ethanol at 20℃; Stage #2: With ammonia In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 96.1% |
With ammonia; potassium amide |
pentanonitrile
5-n-butyl-1H-tetrazole
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium azide; ammonium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 135℃; for 68h; | 96% |
With sodium azide at 120℃; for 1.25h; | 91% |
With sodium azide at 130℃; for 0.883333h; Catalytic behavior; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: methanol; pentanonitrile With hydrogenchloride at -10 - 15℃; under 1103.36 - 1471.14 Torr; for 30 - 33h; Stage #2: With ammonia In methanol at 20 - 30℃; for 3h; pH=8 - 9; | 96% |
With hydrogenchloride | |
With hydrogenchloride In dibutyl ether at 4℃; for 144h; Addition; | 190.8 g |
pentanonitrile
ethyl 2-bromomethyl-2-propenoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc In tetrahydrofuran for 2h; Heating; | 96% |
pentanonitrile
dimethyl 2,2-di(but-2-yn-1-yl)malonate
dimethyl 3-butyl-1,4-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine-6,6-dicarboxylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; ferrous iodide; zinc In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With silica-bonded N-propylsulphamic acid In neat (no solvent) at 80℃; for 0.75h; Ritter Amidation; Green chemistry; | 96% |
With aluminum(III) hydrogen sulfate In nitromethane at 100℃; for 2h; Ritter Amidation; | 90% |
pentanonitrile
dimethyl 2-vinylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate
dimethyl 2-butyl-5-vinyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3,3-dicarboxylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid at 0 - 25℃; for 0.0833333h; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tributylphosphine; boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; water; copper(I) bromide In nitromethane at 85℃; for 18h; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile; 2-chloro-benzaldehyde With hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 20h; High pressure; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: pentanonitrile; 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde With hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 20h; High pressure; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether | 96% |
RTECS#: CAS# 110-59-8: YV8195000
LD50/LC50: RTECS:
CAS# 110-59-8: Oral, mouse: LD50 = 191 mg/kg;
Carcinogenicity: Valeronitrile - Not listed as a carcinogen by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, or CA Prop 65.
Other: See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.
1. Introduction of VALERONITRILE
The VALERONITRILE, with its CAS NO 110-59-8, is a kind of Clear liquid. It has synonyms of 1-Butyl cyanide;1-Cyanobutane;Butane, 1-cyano-;Butyl cyanide;n-Butyl cyanide;n-Pentanenitrile;n-Valeronitrile and Pentanenitrile. VALERONITRILE should be stored in shady and cool warehouse and mainly used as intermediates of pesticide and organic synthesis, extraction agent.
2. Properties of VALERONITRILE
(1) Molecular Weight 83.13166 [g/mol] (2) Molecular Formula C5H9N (3) XLogP3 1.1
(4) H-Bond Acceptor 1 (5) Rotatable Bond Count 2 (6) Exact Mass 83.073499
(7) MonoIsotopic Mass 83.073499 (8) Topological Polar Surface Area 23.8 (9) Heavy Atom Count 6
(10) Complexity 57.6 (11) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 (12) Feature 3D Acceptor Count 1
(13) Feature 3D Hydrophobe Count 1 (14) Effective Rotor Count 2 (15)Conformer Sampling RMSD 0.4
(16) CID Conformer Count 8
3. Structure descriptors of VALERONITRILE
IUPAC Name: pentanenitrile
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H9N/c1-2-3-4-5-6/h2-4H2,1H3
InChIKey: RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES : CCCCC#N
4. Safety information of VALERONITRILE
Hazard Codes
Risk Statements 10-25
Safety Statements 36/37/39-45-16
RIDADR UN 1992 3/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS YV8195000
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup III
5. Toxicity data of VALERONITRILE
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Source |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 191mg/kg (191mg/kg) | Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 55, Pg. 47, 1984. |
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