Amlodipine supplier | CasNO.88150-42-9

Name
Amlodipine
EINECS 1308068-626-2
CAS No. 88150-42-9
Article Data24
CAS DataBase
Density 1.227 g/cm³
Solubility 75.3 mg/L in water
Melting Point 178-179 °C
Formula C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₅
Boiling Point 527.2 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 408.882
Flash Point 272.6 °C
Transport Information
Appearance Yellow solid
Safety
Risk Codes
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols
Synonyms (R,S)-Amlodipine;Amlopres;Intervask;Racemic Amlodipine;Amlodipine base;Amlodipine(base);Amlodipine;
PSA 99.88000
LogP 3.29540

Synthetic route

: 113994-41-5
2-(2-Amino-ethoxymethyl)-4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-6-methyl-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-ethyl ester 5-methyl ester

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium cyanoborohydride; acetic acid at 15 - 25℃; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	93.1%

: 111470-99-6
amlodipine besylate

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In water for 0.5h; Heating / reflux;	88.6%
With sodium hydroxide In tert-butyl methyl ether; water
With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water
With sodium hydroxide In water for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Reflux;

: 88150-62-3
4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-2-[2-phthalimidoethoxymethyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With ethanol; methylamine at 28 - 32℃; for 17h;	87.2%
With hydrazine In methanol; toluene at 22 - 24℃; for 7h;	86.5%
With methylamine In ethanol for 3h; Ambient temperature;

: 88150-46-3
2-(2-azidoethoxy)methyl-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; Lindlar's catalyst In ethanol for 1h; Ambient temperature;
With hydrogen; 5% Pd/CaCO3 In ethanol under 775.743 Torr;

: 638-07-3
ethyl (2-chloroaceto)acetate

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 1 h, 2.) THF, RT, overnight 2: 25 percent / propan-2-ol / 21 h / Heating 3: methylamine / ethanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps 1: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, RT, 1 h, 2.) THF, RT, 16 h 2: NH4OAc / ethanol / 1 h / Heating 3: ethanol / 5 h / Heating 4: 16 h 5: H2 / 5percent Pd/CaCO3 / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

: 88150-45-2
ethyl 4-(2-azidoethoxy)acetoacetate

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: NH4OAc / ethanol / 1 h / Heating 2: ethanol / 5 h / Heating 3: 16 h 4: H2 / 5percent Pd/CaCO3 / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

: 88150-75-8
ethyl 4-[2-(phthalimido)ethoxy]acetoacetate

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 25 percent / propan-2-ol / 21 h / Heating 2: methylamine / ethanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

: (E)-3-Amino-4-(2-azido-ethoxy)-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: ethanol / 5 h / Heating 2: 16 h 3: H2 / 5percent Pd/CaCO3 / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

: 120289-15-8
2-(2-azidoethoxy)methyl-5-carboxy-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 16 h 2: H2 / 5percent Pd/CaCO3 / ethanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

: 4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyimino-ethoxymethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-ethyl ester 5-methyl ester

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With ammonium formate; palladium dihydroxide In methanol; dichloromethane

: 103129-81-3
(R)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 3-ethyl 5-methyl ester

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: calcium hypochlorite / ethyl acetate; water / 20 - 30 °C 2: acetic acid; sodium cyanoborohydride / 2 h / 15 - 25 °C View Scheme

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 98-79-3
L-Pyroglutamic acid

: 663180-17-4
amlodipine (R)-(+)-pyroglutamate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 5 - 20℃; for 1h;	97.1%

: 141-82-2
malonic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 851447-21-7
amlodipine malonate salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 5 - 20℃; for 1h;	96.8%

: 495-69-2
Hippuric Acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 851447-18-2
amlodipine hipurate salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 5 - 20℃; for 1h;	96.8%

: 87-69-4
L-Tartaric acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 68-12-2, 33513-42-7
N,N-dimethyl-formamide

A: (S)-amlodipine-L-hemitartrate dimethylformamide solvate

B: (R)-amlodipine-L-hemitartrate dimethylformamide solvate

C: 103129-81-3
(R)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 3-ethyl 5-methyl ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 20℃; for 4.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 96.25% B n/a C n/a

...Expand

: 75-75-2
methanesulfonic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: amlodipine mesylate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water; ethyl acetate at 25℃; Temperature; Solvent;	96%
In methanol; toluene at 0 - 5℃; for 15h;	90%
In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 1h;	3.32%
In ethyl acetate at 0 - 25℃; for 2 - 2.25h; Product distribution / selectivity;

: 97-67-6
(S)-Malic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: amlodipine hemi-L-malate salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 5 - 20℃; for 1h;	96%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 98-79-3
L-Pyroglutamic acid

: 663180-18-5
amlodipine (S)-(-)-pyroglutamate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethyl acetate at 25℃; for 1h;	95.3%

: 18069-17-5
2-methylglutaric acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: amlodipine hemi-2-methyl glutarate salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether; tert-butyl alcohol at 5 - 20℃; for 4h;	95%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 88150-46-3
2-(2-azidoethoxy)methyl-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With fluorosulfonyl azide; potassium hydrogencarbonate In tert-butyl methyl ether; water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Solvent;	95%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 10191-60-3
dimethyl N-cyanodithioiminocarbonate

: 93117-86-3
N-<2-<<4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrid-2-yl>methoxy>ethyl>-N'-cyano-S-methylisothiourea

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In isopropyl alcohol for 4h; Ambient temperature;	94%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: tetramethylammonium trifluoromethanethiolate

: 3-ethyl 5-methyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((2-isothiocyanatoethoxy)-methyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.25h;	94%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 64-19-7
acetic acid

: 2-(2-aminoethoxy)methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methylpyridine acetate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With lead(IV) acetate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.75h;	92%

: 156-38-7
4-hydroxyphenylacetate

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 652969-06-7
amlodipine p-hydroxyphenylacetate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethyl acetate at 23℃; for 3h;	92%
In ethyl acetate at 23℃; for 3h;	92%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 4559-70-0
Diphenylphosphine oxide

: C32H34ClN2O6P

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; zinc(II) iodide In hexane; dichloromethane at 25℃; for 1h;	92%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 110-16-7
maleic acid

: 88150-47-4
(RS)-amlodipine maleate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; toluene at 21 - 24℃; for 1h;	91.2%
In methanol; isopropyl alcohol at 25 - 30℃; for 1.5 - 1.75h; Product distribution / selectivity;
In methanol at 50℃;

: 18023-22-8
3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfinic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: amlodipine meta-xylenesulfonate salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 5 - 20℃; for 1h;	91.1%

: 124-04-9
Adipic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 526216-43-3
amlodipine adipate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 7 - 23℃; for 3h;	91%
In methanol at 7 - 23℃; for 3h;	91%
In methanol at 50℃;

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 103129-82-4
amlodipine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine With D-(+)-camphoric acid In isopropyl alcohol at 20℃; for 12.5h; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane; water for 1h; Reagent/catalyst;	90.5%
With D-tartaric acid In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 20 - 60℃; for 1.5h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent;	45.2%
Stage #1: 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine With L-Tartaric acid In ISOPROPYLAMIDE at 5℃; for 2h; Resolution of racemate; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane; water for 0.666667h;	n/a
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: water; iso-butanol / 1 h / 50 °C 2: sodium hydroxide / dichloromethane; water / pH 9 View Scheme

: 594-45-6
ethanesulfonic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 652970-52-0
amlodipine ethanesulfonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 23℃; for 2h;	90%

: (1R)-(-)-10-camphorsulfonic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: amlodipine (1R)-(-)-10-camphorsulfonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 7 - 22℃; for 3h;	90%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid

: amlodipine (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 7 - 23℃; for 3h;	90%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 100-47-0
benzonitrile

: 3-ethyl5-methyl2-((2-(benzylamino)ethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With borane-ammonia complex; C16H29Cl2CoN2P at 20℃; for 13h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction;	88%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 98-11-3
benzenesulfonic acid

: 111470-99-6
amlodipine besylate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; toluene at 0 - 20℃; for 2h;	87%
for 3h;
In isopropyl alcohol at 0 - 30℃; for 2 - 2.25h; Product distribution / selectivity;

: 100-88-9
cyclohexylsulfamic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 745013-02-9
amlodipine cyclamate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 4h;	87%
In ethanol; isopropyl alcohol at 0℃; for 4h;	86%
In methanol; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 4h;	85%
In isopropyl alcohol at 0℃; for 4h;	82%

: 76-26-6, 3144-16-9, 5872-08-2, 35963-20-3
camphor-10-sulfonic acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: amlodipine camsylate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 10℃; for 2h;	86.8%

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: 2949-22-6
Glycine ethyl ester isocyanate

: 97290-23-8
1-<2-<<4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrid-2-yl>methoxy>ethyl>-3-<(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl>urea

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile for 2.5h; Heating;	86%

: 626-51-7
3-methyl glutaric acid

: 88150-42-9
2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

: amlodipine hemi-3-methyl glutarate salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether; tert-butyl alcohol at 5 - 20℃; for 4h;	85.7%

Amlodipine History

Amlodipine is marketed as Dailyvasc in the Philippines by Xeno Pharmaceuticals, and by Pfizer as Norvasc in North America, Australia and some European countries, and as Istin in the United Kingdom. Generic brands are also available.

Amlodipine Specification

1.Introduction of Amlodipine

The Amlodipine,with its cas number 88150-42-9, is a kind of white solid.It is also called (1)3-Ethyl-5-methyl ( -)-2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridindicarboxylat and (2)3-Ethyl-5-methyl ( -)-2-((2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. Amlodipine should be stored in shady and cool warehouse and mainly used as antagonist.

2.Properties of Amlodipine

(1)ACD/LogP: 4.16 ; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0 ; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.23 ; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.64 ; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1 ; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 26.11 ; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 5.14 ; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 133.65 ; (9)#H bond acceptors: 7 ; (10)#H bond donors: 3 ; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 11 ; (12)Polar Surface Area: 68.31 Å²; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.545 ; (14)Molar Refractivity: 105.41 cm³ ; (15)Molar Volume: 333 cm³ ; (16)Polarizability: 41.79 ×10^-24cm³ ; (17)Surface Tension: 44.4 dyne/cm ; (18)Density: 1.227 g/cm³ ; (19)Flash Point: 272.6 °C ; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 80.17 kJ/mol ; (21)Boiling Point: 527.2 °C at 760 mmHg ; (22)Vapour Pressure: 3.34E-11 mmHg at 25°C

3.Structure descriptors of Amlodipine

IUPAC Name: 3-O-ethyl 5-O-methyl

2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,
4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

InChI: InChI=1S/C20H25ClN2O5/c1-4-28-20(25)18-15(11-27-10-9-22)23-12(2)16(19
(24)26-3)17(18)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)21/h5-8,17,23H,4,9-11,22H2,1-3H3

InChIKey: HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Canonical SMILES : CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C(C1C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)OC)C)COCCN

4. Uses of Amlodipine

The Amlodipine is used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina because it is a long-acting calcium channel blocker. Seemimg Like other calcium channel blockers, Amlodipine reduce blood pressure by relaxing the smooth muscle in the arterial wall, decreasing peripheral resistance. Besides, it increases blood flow to the heart muscle in angina. Adverse effcts include common headache, fatigue, insomnia, edema, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, palpitation and red face. Rare rash, itching, expiratory dyspnea, muscle spasm and indigestion. Rarely have myocardial infarction and chest. It can have edema, headache, dizziness, weakness, etc.

5.Production of Amlodipine

The Amlodipine can react with nicotinic acid to obtain 4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-6-{2-[(pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-ethoxymethyl}-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 5-ethyl ester 3-methyl ester.
Reaction condition is CH2Cl2 as solvent under ambient temperature for 16 hour(s). Yield is 57 %.

6. The toxity data can be showed in the following sheet.

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
child	TDLo	oral	400ug/kg (0.4mg/kg)	VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION	American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 18, Pg. 581, 2000.
women	LDLo	oral	1400ug/kg (1.4mg/kg)	CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION	Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. Vol. 33, Pg. 253, 1995.
women	TDLo	oral	600ug/kg/3D-I (0.6mg/kg)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE BLOOD: THROMBOCYTOPENIA	Annals of Pharmacotherpy. Vol. 33, Pg. 1126, 1999.

Product Name

Amlodipine

Synthetic route

Amlodipine History

Amlodipine Specification

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