Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In phosphoric acid for 0.00833333h; Microwave irradiation; | 97% |
With Zn0.95*Ti0.05O In neat (no solvent) at 160℃; for 1.33h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time; Green chemistry; | 95% |
With citric acid In toluene for 3h; Solvent; Reflux; Large scale; | 94.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: fluorescein diacetate With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water for 1.5h; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In ethanol; water at 20 - 25℃; for 1h; pH=1 - 2.5; | 80% |
With water In acetonitrile pH=4.8; aq. acetate buffer; | |
With porcine liver carboxylesterase In 2-methoxy-ethanol; water at 37℃; for 0.5h; pH=8; Enzymatic reaction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen; nitrogen(II) oxide at 25℃; pH=7.4; Air; aq. HEPES buffer; | 78.3% |
With sodium acetate In chloroform; acetic anhydride; acetic acid |
2-<2,7-Dihydroxy-naphthoyl>-benzoesaeure
recorcinol
A
2,7-Dihydroxynaphthalene
B
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanesulfonic acid In toluene | A 43% B 20% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid |
phthalic anhydride
3,4-pyridinecarboxylic acid
recorcinol
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc(II) chloride |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 180℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 110 - 117℃; |
phthalic anhydride
2-phenylsuccinic acid
recorcinol
fluorescein
phthalic anhydride
1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid
recorcinol
fluorescein
phthalic anhydride
recorcinol
A
1',6'-dihydroxy-spiro[phthalan-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one
B
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc(II) chloride |
phthalic anhydride
recorcinol
A
2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid
B
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 126℃; | |
at 126℃; |
1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride
(E)-3-Ureido-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
recorcinol
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
beim Erhitzen ueber den Schmelzpunkt; | |
beim Erhitzen ueber den Schmelzpunkt; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 180 - 200℃; |
(E)-3-Ureido-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
recorcinol
fluorescein
3,3-bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one
recorcinol
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 210 - 220℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With manganese(IV) oxide; sulfuric acid at 160℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With manganese(IV) oxide; sulfuric acid at 160℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With manganese(IV) oxide; sulfuric acid at 160℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 180 - 200℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,4-dioxane Equilibrium constant; Investigation of the effect of various organic solvents.; |
fluorescein mono-p-guanidinobenzoate hydrochloride
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In various solvent(s) Rate constant; Ambient temperature; pH 10.15, other pH, spontaneous hydrolysis; microscopic and macroscopic kinetic constants for the hydrolysis by tripsin; serine proteases hydrolysis, active-site titrations of serine proteases; |
6'-hydroxy-3-oxospiro-3'-yl β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetate buffer; calf liver β-glucuronidase at 37℃; for 2h; | |
With acetate buffer; calf liver β-glucuronidase at 37℃; for 2h; pH 4.5; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In water for 1h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With potassium hydroxide In water for 5h; Heating; | 86% |
With sodium hydroxide at 160℃; for 1h; | 74.1% |
fluorescein
eosin y
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Oxone; sodium bromide at 200℃; for 12h; | 100% |
With sodium hypochlorite; hydrogen bromide; sodium sulfite In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; water at 20℃; for 3h; Flow reactor; | 78% |
With ethanol; bromine |
fluorescein
methyl iodide
2-(6'-methoxy-3'-oxo-3'H-xanthene-9'-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: fluorescein With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: methyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 6h; | 11% |
Stage #1: fluorescein With sodium hydroxide In methanol Stage #2: methyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide | |
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 18h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid for 14h; Reflux; Molecular sieve; | 98% |
With sulfuric acid for 16h; Reflux; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With copper diacetate In pyridine; dichloromethane at 20℃; for 120h; | 98% |
fluorescein
2-amino-3′,6′-dihydroxyspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol at 80℃; for 12h; | 97% |
With hydrazine hydrate In methanol for 12h; Reflux; | 96% |
With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol at 80℃; for 6h; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus pentoxide at 60℃; for 4h; solid phase reaction; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 60℃; for 48h; | 95% |
methanol
fluorescein
methyl 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid for 12h; Reflux; | 94% |
With sulfuric acid for 4h; Reflux; | 91% |
With hydrogenchloride |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus pentoxide at 60℃; for 2h; solid phase reaction; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 60℃; for 20h; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: fluorescein With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 1h; | 94% |
Stage #1: fluorescein With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 24h; | 43% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In dichloromethane | 93.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dmap; triethylamine In toluene at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 93% |
With dmap; triethylamine In toluene for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 60% |
at 140℃; | |
With sodium hydroxide |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus pentoxide at 60℃; for 4h; solid phase reaction; | 93% |
ortho-chlorobenzoic acid
fluorescein
fluorescein bis(2-chlorobenzoate)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus pentoxide at 60℃; for 4h; solid phase reaction; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 5h; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 60℃; for 48h; | 93% |
4-Nitrophthalonitrile
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium acetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20 - 80℃; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; | 93% |
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 72h; Inert atmosphere; | 80% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 1.5h; Cooling; | 93% |
fluorescein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: fluorescein In water at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Sonication; Stage #2: With barium hydroxide octahydrate In water at 20℃; for 6h; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus pentoxide at 60℃; for 1h; solid phase reaction; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 60℃; for 36h; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 60℃; for 48h; | 92% |
dimethyl sulfate
fluorescein
3′,6′-dimethoxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: fluorescein With potassium carbonate In acetone for 0.5h; Stage #2: dimethyl sulfate In acetone at 50℃; for 4h; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2.5h; | 91% |
for 3 - 5h; Heating / reflux; | 75% |
Reflux; | 72.6% |
allyl bromide
fluorescein
allyl 2-(6-(allyloxy)-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With caesium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃; | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 2.16667h; | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfolane; thionyl chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60 - 80℃; for 2.5h; Temperature; | 90.5% |
With phosphorus pentachloride at 100℃; | |
With thionyl chloride | |
With phosphorus pentachloride In chlorobenzene at 140℃; for 6h; | |
With phosphorus pentachloride In chlorobenzene at 140℃; for 6h; |
Fluorescein (CAS NO.2321-07-5) was first synthesized by Adolf von Baeyer in 1871.
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.
The Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one,3',6'-dihydroxy-, with the CAS registry number 2321-07-5, is also known as 3',6'-Dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one. It belongs to the product categories of E-F Fluorescent Probes, Labels, Particles and Stains; Fluorescein and Derivatives; Fluorescent Labels; Stains and Dyes; Aromatics; Fluorescent Labels & Indicators; Heterocycles; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals; Pharmaceuticals. Its EINECS number is 219-031-8. This chemical's molecular formula is C20H12O5 and molecular weight is 332.31. What's more, its systematic name is 3',6'-dihydroxy-3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one. Its classification codes are: (1)Coloring Agents; (2)Contrast media; (3)Diagnostic aid [corneal trauma indicator]; (4)Fluorescent Dyes; (5)Indicators and Reagents; (6)Luminescent Agents; (7)Mutation data. It is a phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium, and is used therapeutically as a diagnostic aid in corneal injuries and corneal trauma. It has been approved by FDA for use in externally applied drugs and cosmetics. It should be sealed and stored in a cool and dry place. Moreover, it should be protected from oxides.
Physical properties of Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one,3',6'-dihydroxy- are: (1)ACD/LogP: 2.68; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.682; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.677; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 64.328; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 63.627; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 685.565; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 678.096; (9)#H bond acceptors: 5; (10)#H bond donors: 2; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 2; (12)Polar Surface Area: 75.99 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.792; (14)Molar Refractivity: 87.995 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 207.439 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 34.884×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 90.403 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.602 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 232.645 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 95.37 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 620.841 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C.
Preparation: this chemical can be prepared by phthalic acid anhydride and benzene-1,3-diol at the temperature of 160 °C. This reaction will need reagent conc. H2SO4 with the reaction time of 5 min. The yield is about 88%.
Uses of Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one,3',6'-dihydroxy-: it can be used to produce 2-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzoyl)-benzoic acid by heating. It will need reagent KOH and solvent H2O with the reaction time of 5 hours. The yield is about 86%.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin and may cause sensitisation by skin contact. In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. You should take off immediately all contaminated clothing. You should not breathe dust. When using it, you must avoid contact with eyes and need wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: c1ccc2c(c1)C(=O)OC23c4ccc(cc4Oc5c3ccc(c5)O)O
(2)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C20H12O5/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)24-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)20(15)14-4-2-1-3-13(14)19(23)25-20/h1-10,21-22H
(3)Std. InChIKey: GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
guinea pig | LDLo | unreported | 400mg/kg (400mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
man | TDLo | intravenous | 7143nL/kg (7143mL/kg) | GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" | American Journal of Ophthalmology. Vol. 126, Pg. 837, 1998. |
mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) | United States Patent Document. Vol. #4775625. | |
mouse | LDLo | unreported | 600mg/kg (600mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) | International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases. Vol. 2, Pg. 257, 1934. | |
rat | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 600mg/kg (600mg/kg) | International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases. Vol. 2, Pg. 257, 1934. |
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