silicon
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
hexachlorodisilane
C
perchlorotrisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) chlorination of crude Si at 300-310 °C; best yield of SiCl4;; | A 80% B n/a C n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminium trichloride In hexane Ph3SiSiPh3, AlCl3 and CH3COCl in hexane were stirred overnight; hexane added; upper phase septd.; hexane removed (vac.); redistd.; | 55% |
chloroform
trichlorosilane
B
tetrachlorosilane
C
1,1,1,2,2-pentachlorodisilane
D
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: CH2Cl2; copyrolysis (1:1), quartz tube (550°C, yields of products depending on temperature (350 to 600°C)), product condensing; products not isolated, reaction monitoring by mass spectroscopy; | A 1.3% B 46.7% C 1.9% D 1% |
chloroform
trichlorosilane
B
tetrachlorosilane
C
1,1,1,2,2-pentachlorodisilane
D
trichloro(dichloromethyl)silane
E
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
copyrolysis (1% CHCl3), quartz tube (575°C, retention time 30 s, yields of products depending on temperature (350 to 600°C)), product condensing; products not isolated, reaction monitoring by mass spectroscopy; | A 1.7% B 25.8% C 5.1% D 0.7% E 1.6% |
silicon
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
copper silicide
C
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cu; CuCl particles were deposited on a Si wafer by dipping in a slurry of CuCl in hexane; coated wafer was heated at 380°C in a furnace for 1-60 min;; mixt. not sepd.;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) vivious reaction under formation of Ca and Si2Cl6, which are burning;; |
tetrachloromethane
silicon
A
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene
B
tetrachlorosilane
C
hexa-Si-chloro-Si,Si'-(1,2-dichloro-ethene-1,2-diyl)-bis-silane
D
1,2-bis-(trichlorosilyl)acetylene
E
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
copper In neat (no solvent) reaction of Si with gaseous CCl4 (in N2) with Cu as catalyst at 110-410°C;; products and yield depend on temp.;; |
tetrachloromethane
silicon
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
silver In neat (no solvent) byproducts: C2Cl4; heating of Si and CCl4 vapor at 80-300 °C;; | |
manganese In neat (no solvent) byproducts: C2Cl4; heating of Si and CCl4 vapor at 80-300 °C;; | |
nickel In neat (no solvent) byproducts: C2Cl4; heating of Si and CCl4 vapor at 80-300 °C;; |
tetrachlorosilane
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by a electric Zn light arc in N2 atmosphere;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by influence of a Zn electric arc on SiCl4 in a N2 atmosphere;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by influence of a Zn electric arc on SiCl4 in a N2 atmosphere;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by a electric Zn light arc in N2 atmosphere;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) passing Cl2 over ferrosilicon with 35-65% Si, begin of a strongly exothermic reactn. at 200 °C, 350 °C (yields of SiCl4: 80%), up to 600 °C (yields of SiCl4: 94%), formation of Si2Cl6 < 450 °C (3-10% of the amt. of SiCl4);; |
chlorine
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
tetrasilicon decachloride
C
dodecachloro pentasilane
D
hexachlorodisilane
E
perchlorotrisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) passing dry Cl2 through a glass tube, filled with Ca-silicide and heated by a electric spiral at 150-250 °C for about 12-14 days, further products;; fractional distillation;; |
chlorine
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
hexachlorodisilane
C
perchlorotrisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reaction of 50 kg ferrosilicon with 50% Si with 143 kg Cl2 in a iron tube at 180-260 °C, yields of Si2Cl6 vary between 4.6-8.6% (depending on reaction temperature);; separation by fractional condensation and distillation; removal of Cl2 by shaking with Hg;; | |
In neat (no solvent) reaction of 50 kg ferrosilicon with 50% Si with 143 kg Cl2 in a iron tube at 180-260 °C, yields of Si2Cl6 vary between 4.6-8.6% (depending on reaction temperature);; separation by fractional condensation and distillation; removal of Cl2 by shaking with Hg;; |
difluorosilylene
chlorine
silicon tetrafluoride
A
ClF2SiSiF2Cl
B
Cl2FSiSiCl3
C
F3SiSiCl3
D
disilicon hexafluoride
E
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) The halogen was co-condensed in a flask at -196°C with the mixt. of SiF4 and SiF2 emerging out of the reactor tube; further products;; warmed to room temp.; the volatile products were sepd. and detected by NMR and MS;; |
bromine
perchlorotrisilane
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
hexachlorodisilane
C
dibromo dichlorosilane
D
bromo trichloro silane
E
chloro tribromo silane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) dropwise addn. of a mixture of Si3Cl8 and Br2 into a glass tube heated at 500°C under passing CO2 through the tube; reaction with inflammation;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given Kinetics; H produced by Hg-sensitized photolysis of H2;; monitored by Lyman-α absorption;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) repeated passing SiCl4 vapor over molten Si;; rapid cooling; fractional distillation;; | |
In neat (no solvent) reaction under a SiCl4 stream at high temperature (melting point of Si);; | |
In neat (no solvent) reaction under a SiCl4 stream at high temperature (melting point of Si);; |
hexaiododisilane
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With mercury dichloride In neat (no solvent) | |
With mercury dichloride at heating;; | |
With HgCl2 In neat (no solvent) | |
With HgCl2 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) vigorous reaction at moderate warming, beginning of the reaction already on mixing of the substances in the cold;; distn. over HgCl2; fractional distn.;; | |
In neat (no solvent) vigorous reaction at moderate warming, beginning of the reaction already on mixing of the substances in the cold;; distn. over HgCl2; fractional distn.;; |
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) effect of a SnCl2-melt on CaSi2 forms Si2Cl6 and SiCl4;; |
trichlorosilane
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reaction by influence of quiet electric discharges on a mixture of SiHCl3 vapors and H2 or HCl;; | |
In neat (no solvent) reaction by influence of quiet electric discharges on a mixture of SiHCl3 vapors and H2 or HCl;; |
tetrachlorosilane
A
hexachlorodisilane
B
hexachlorodisiloxane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With air In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by influence of a Zn electric arc on SiCl4 with air in a N2 atmosphere;; | |
With air In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; SiCl4 in a Zn electric arc in presence of air;; | |
With air In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; SiCl4 in a Zn electric arc in presence of air;; | |
With air In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by influence of a Zn electric arc on SiCl4 with air in a N2 atmosphere;; |
tetrachlorosilane
oxygen
A
hexachlorodisilane
B
hexachlorodisiloxane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by influence of a Zn electric arc on SiCl4 with O2 in a N2 atmosphere;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; SiCl4 in a Zn electric arc in presence of O2;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; reaction by influence of a Zn electric arc on SiCl4 with O2 in a N2 atmosphere;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; SiCl4 in a Zn electric arc in presence of O2;; |
perchlorotrisilane
A
tetrachlorosilane
B
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Br2 In neat (no solvent) | |
With Br2 In neat (no solvent) |
A
tetrachlorosilane
C
trichlorosilane
D
hexachlorodisilane
E
perchlorotrisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: HCl, Si4Cl10; formation by thermic decompn. in an inert gas atmosphere at 760 Torr and 300 °C; cracking process;; | |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: HCl, Si4Cl10; formation by thermic decompn. in an inert gas atmosphere at 760 Torr and 300 °C; cracking process;; |
A
hydrogenchloride
B
tetrachlorosilane
D
trichlorosilane
E
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) thermic decompn.;; cracking process;; | |
In neat (no solvent) thermic decompn.;; cracking process;; |
perchlorotrisilane
A
i-Si4Cl10
B
tetrakis(trichlorosilyl)silane
C
(Cl3Si)3SiSiCl2SiCl3
D
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Na(Si-t-Bu3) In benzene byproducts: (t-Bu3Si)4Si, t-Bu3SiSi-t-Bu3, t-Bu3SiCl; under N2 or Ar; soln. of Cl3SiSiCl2SiCl3 and Na(Si-t-Bu3) (molar ratio 1:4) in benzene stirred at ambient temp. for 1 d; detd. by (29)Si NMR spectra; |
Methyltrichlorosilane
tetrachlorosilane
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
under 225.023 Torr; |
hexachlorodisilane
germaniumtetrachloride
tetraphenyl phosphonium chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h; | 99% |
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h; |
hexachlorodisilane
tetra-n-butylphosphonium chloride
tetrachlorosilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2-methylimidazole at 175℃; for 2.5h; Sealed tube; | 95% |
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride; calcium hydride In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 60℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 93% |
In diethyl ether at 0 - 20℃; Heating / reflux; | 79% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 1h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 93% |
hexachlorodisilane
1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In pentane at -20 - 25℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 89% |
lithium aluminium tetrahydride
tetrachlorosilane
hexachlorodisilane
B
monosilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether reaction of a ether soln. of Si2Cl6 with a ether solution of LiAlH4 (in 15% exceed) in a vacuum at 0 °C;; | A 87% B n/a |
In diethyl ether reaction of a ether soln. of Si2Cl6 with a ether solution of LiAlH4 (in 15% exceed) in a vacuum at 0 °C;; | A 87% B n/a |
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In cyclohexane byproducts: NaCl; N2 atmosphere, stirring (room temp., 3 d, exclusion of light); filtration, removement of volatiles (vacuum), extn. (pentane), evapn. (vacuum), pptn. (-78°C), filtration, washing (cold pentane), drying(vacuum); elem. anal.; | 86% |
sodium[(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Ru(CO)2]
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In cyclohexane byproducts: NaCl; N2 atmosphere, stirring (room temp., 18 h, exclusion of light); filtration, removement of volatiles (vacuum), extn. (pentane), evapn. (vacuum), pptn. (-78°C), filtration, washing (cold pentane), drying(vacuum); elem. anal.; | 85% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hexane at 0 - 20℃; Heating / reflux; | 84% |
In 2-Methylpentane at -40 - 0℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity; Industry scale; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 84% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at 0 - 20℃; Heating / reflux; | 82% |
tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0)
hexachlorodisilane
Pd(P(C6H5)3)2(SiCl3)2
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene complex added to soln. of Si compd., stirred for 19 h, under N2; evapd., washed with ether, recrystd. from benzene/hexane; elem. anal.; | 82% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Na In not given | 80% |
hexachlorodisilane
tetrakis(trichlorosilyl)silane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: SiCl3(SiCl3)(Me2NC2H4NMe2); Si2Cl6 was heated in presence of SiCl3(SiCl3)(Me2NC2H4NMe2) (catalyst) at 55°C for 15 h; NMR monitoring; filtered; evapd. (vac.); | 80% |
With pyridine at 20℃; Reagent/catalyst; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Cooling; | 73% |
lthium[bis(dimethylphosphanyl)(trimethylsilyl)methanide]
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium dihydronaphthylide radical In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; warming up to 0 deg C; | 77% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether Si2Cl6 and 31% excess of Zn(CH3)2 in ether at 85°C in a closed tube;; | 74% |
bis(pentafluorophenyl) sulfoxide
hexachlorodisilane
pentafluorophenyl sulfide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene 22 h, reflux, molar ratio of (C6F5)2SO : Si2Cl6 = 1 : 2; | 73% |
In benzene 22 h, reflux, molar ratio of (C6F5)2SO : Si2Cl6 = 1 : 2; | 73% |
2-thienyl chloride
hexachlorodisilane
germaniumtetrachloride
(2-thienyl)trichlorogermane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) pyrolysis, 450-550°C; | 70% |
hexachlorodisilane
1,1,1,2,2-pentachloro-2-[dicarbonyl(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(trimethylphosphane)tungsten]disilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene byproducts: LiCl; (N2, exclusion of light); -78°C to room temp., stirring (5 h); filtration, evapn. (vac.), extn. (benzene), concn. (vac.), pptn. with pentane, recrystn. (hot methylcyclohexane); elem. anal.; | 70% |
hexachlorodisilane
pentafluorophenyl lithium
perfluorotetraphenylsilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether reaction at -79°C, 1 hour, heating to 20°C within 8 hours;heating under reflux, 2 hours;; | 69% |
In diethyl ether reaction at -79°C, 1 hour, heating to 20°C within 8 hours;heating under reflux, 2 hours;; | 69% |
In not given | |
In not given |
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In cyclohexane byproducts: NaCl; N2 atmosphere, stirring (room temp., 18 h, exclusion of light); stirring with benzene (1 h), filtration, removement of solvent (vacuum),pptn. (pentane), filtration, washing (cold pentane), drying (vacuum); e lem. anal.; | 63% |
hexachlorodisilane
1,1,1,2,2-pentachloro-2-[dicarbonyl(η(5)-cyclopentadienyl)(trimethylphosphane)tungsten]disilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene byproducts: LiCl; (N2, exclusion of light); -78°C to room temp., stirring (5 h); filtration, evapn. (vac.), extn. (benzene), concn. (vac.), pptn. with pentane, recrystn. (hot methylcyclohexane); elem. anal.; | 60% |
hexachlorodisilane
diisobutylaluminium hydride
1,1,1-trichlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 0℃; | 60% |
lithium [dicarbonyl(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(trimethylphosphine)molybdenum(0)]
hexachlorodisilane
1,1,1,2,2-pentachloro-2-[dicarbonyl(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(trimethylphosphane)molybdenum]disilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene byproducts: LiCl; (N2, exclusion of light); stirring (room temp., 12 h); filtration, evapn. (vac.), washing (pentane), addn. of methylcyclohexane, crystn. at -78°C; elem. anal.; | 59% |
hexachlorodisilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In cyclohexane byproducts: NaCl; N2 atmosphere, stirring (room temp., 14 h, exclusion of light); filtration, removement of volatiles (vacuum), extn. (pentane), evapn. (vacuum), pptn. (-78°C), filtration, washing (cold pentane), drying(vacuum); elem. anal.; | 58% |
hexachlorodisilane
dichlorodiphenylgermane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h; | 57% |
With tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h; |
The Hexachlorodisilane , with cas registry number of 13465-77-5, is a kind of categories in (1) Si (Classes of Silicon Compounds) ; (2) Si-Cl Compounds;Si-Si Compounds ; (3) Trichlorosilanes ; (4) Self Assembly&Contact Printing ; (5) Self-Assembly Materials ; (6) Silane Coupling Agents/Adhesion Promoters ; (7) SilanesSelf Assembly&Contact Printing. Its IUPAC name is trichloro(trichlorosilyl)silane . And its systematic name is called hexachlorodisilane . This compound is stable, but reacts violently with water. It is incompatible with water, moisture, acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents, alcohols. It is sensitive to moisture.
Physical properties of Hexachlorodisilane are: (1) ACD/LogP: 8.55 ; (2) # of Rule of 5 Violations: 1 ; (3) ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 8.55 ; (4) ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 8.55 ; (5) ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1000000 ; (6) ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1000000 ; (7) #H bond acceptors: 0 ; (8) #H bond donors: 0 ; (9) #Freely Rotating Bonds: 1 ; (10) Index of Refraction: 1.488 ; (11) Molar Refractivity: 48.57 cm3 ; (12) Molar Volume: 168.3 cm3 ; (13) Surface Tension: 26.2 dyne/cm ; (14) Enthalpy of Vaporization: 36.58 kJ/mol ; (15) Vapour Pressure: 6.39 mmHg at 25°C ; (16) Refractive index: n20/D 1.475(lit.)
Preparation of Hexachlorodisilane : Condensing the exhaust gas from the furnace for producing polysilicon by chlorosilane and hydrogen in order to separate out the hydrogen. The condensate will be distillated to separate out the unreacted chlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride (by-product), and then we distill it to recycle the hexachlorodisilane . Tetrachlorodisilane can be also recycled at the same time. The purity of the recycled hexachlorodisilane and tetrachlorodisilane will be much high than the production made of the silicon metal.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
The Hexachlorodisilane reacts violently with water and causes burns. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection before use it. If contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. If you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water, it emits toxic fumes of HCl and Cl-. It should be stored at temperature of below 5° C.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1) SMILES:Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl ;
(2) InChI:InChI=1/Cl6Si2/c1-7(2,3)8(4,5)6 ;
(3) InChIKey:LXEXBJXDGVGRAR-UHFFFAOYAZ
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