4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride
4-fluorobenzonitrile
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride With potassium tert-butylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -25 - -20℃; for 1.08333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -25 - -20℃; for 1.08333h; | 98.6% |
Stage #1: 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride With potassium tert-butylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -25 - -20℃; for 1.08333h; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -25 - -20℃; for 1.08333h; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -20 - 0℃; for 0.5h; pH=6.0 - 6.5; Product distribution / selectivity; | 55% |
1,2,4-Triazole
toluene-4-sulfonic acid bis-(4-cyano-phenyl)-methyl ester
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 1,2,4-Triazole With tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium carbonate In water; 4-methyl-2-pentanone for 2h; Stage #2: toluene-4-sulfonic acid bis-(4-cyano-phenyl)-methyl ester In water; 4-methyl-2-pentanone at 20 - 30℃; for 48h; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In water; 4-methyl-2-pentanone for 1h; | 97.42% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: potassium cyanide With acetic acid In ethylene glycol Sealed tube; Stage #2: 1-(bis(4-bromophenyl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole With P(t-Bu)3 Palladacycle Gen. 3; potassium acetate In 1,4-dioxane; water at 60℃; for 16h; Concentration; Sealed tube; | 97% |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trifluoroacetic anhydride In 1,4-dioxane at 0 - 20℃; for 1h; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole; 4,4'-dicyanodiphenylbromomethane In acetonitrile for 24h; Reflux; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water; acetonitrile at 0 - 5℃; for 6h; Solvent; Time; | 88.7% |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium carbonate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 24h; | 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; water; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 15h; Inert atmosphere; | 86% |
4-fluorobenzonitrile
sodium triazole
4-cyanobenzyl bromide
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: sodium triazole; 4-cyanobenzyl bromide With potassium tert-butylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -5 - 5℃; for 2.5h; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -5 - 5℃; for 2.5h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 85% |
Stage #1: sodium triazole; 4-cyanobenzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -10 - 0℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile With sodium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -10 - -5℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | |
Stage #1: sodium triazole; 4-cyanobenzyl bromide In ISOPROPYLAMIDE at -15 - 0℃; for 2.5h; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile With sodium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran; ISOPROPYLAMIDE at -8 - 0℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity; |
triphenylphosphine
B
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h; | A 75% B n/a |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-(alpha-chloro-4'-cyanobenzyl)-benzonitrile
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene at 60 - 80℃; for 4h; | 74.4% |
4-fluorobenzonitrile
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-((1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile With potassium tert-butylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -5 - 0℃; for 2h; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 10℃; for 0.25h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 73% |
Stage #1: 4-((1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at -30 - -25℃; for 0.666667h; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile In tetrahydrofuran at -20 - -15℃; for 1.25h; Product distribution / selectivity; |
1,3,5-Triazine
2-(propan-2-ylidine)-1-[di-(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]hydrazine
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 2-(propan-2-ylidine)-1-[di-(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]hydrazine With hydrogenchloride In methanol at 20℃; Stage #2: 1,3,5-Triazine In methanol Reflux; | 70.7% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4,4'-dicyanodiphenylbromomethane
A
4-[α-(4-cyano-phenyl)-1-(1,3,4-triazol-1-yl)-methyl]-benzonitrile
B
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene at 60 - 80℃; for 1.5h; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 3.5% B 70.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dmap; 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate; zinc In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 68% |
With dmap; 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate; zinc In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Sealed tube; | 68% |
4-((1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile
2-(4-fluorobenzene)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-((1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile With potassium tert-butylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -5℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2-(4-fluorobenzene)-1,3,4-oxadiazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -5℃; for 7.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 64% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-[1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl] benzonitrile; 4-fluorobenzonitrile With potassium tert-butylate In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at -10 - -5℃; for 4h; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); water pH=7.5 - 8.0; | 58% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde
4-chlorobenzaldehyde
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde; 4-chlorobenzaldehyde With ammonium hydroxide; copper diacetate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 12h; Stage #2: 1,2,4-Triazole With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 50℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 43% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde
4-bromo-benzaldehyde
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With ammonium hydroxide; copper diacetate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 10h; Stage #2: 1,2,4-Triazole With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 50℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 35% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-chloromethylbenzaldehyde
4-chlorobenzaldehyde
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-chloromethylbenzaldehyde; 4-chlorobenzaldehyde With ammonium hydroxide; copper diacetate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 10h; Stage #2: 1,2,4-Triazole With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 50℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 34% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-chloromethylbenzaldehyde
4-bromo-benzaldehyde
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-chloromethylbenzaldehyde; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With ammonium hydroxide; copper diacetate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 10h; Stage #2: 1,2,4-Triazole With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 50℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 33% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-iodomethylbenzaldehyde
4-bromo-benzaldehyde
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-iodomethylbenzaldehyde; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With ammonium hydroxide; copper diacetate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 10h; Stage #2: 1,2,4-Triazole With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 50℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 32% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde
4-fluorobenzaldehyde
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde; 4-fluorobenzaldehyde With ammonium hydroxide; copper diacetate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 12h; Stage #2: 1,2,4-Triazole With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 50℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 32% |
1,2,4-Triazole
4-iodomethylbenzaldehyde
4-chlorobenzaldehyde
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-iodomethylbenzaldehyde; 4-chlorobenzaldehyde With ammonium hydroxide; copper diacetate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 10h; Stage #2: 1,2,4-Triazole With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetone at 50℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 21% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium carbonate In isopropyl alcohol for 8 - 9h; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; | |
With potassium carbonate In isopropyl alcohol for 8 - 9h; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium tert-butylate In N-methyl-acetamide |
4-fluorobenzonitrile
4-((1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at -15℃; for 7 - 8h; Product distribution / selectivity; | |
With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at -20 - -5℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity; | |
Stage #1: 4-((1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile With potassium tert-butylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 5℃; for 1.5h; Stage #2: 4-fluorobenzonitrile In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 5℃; for 1.5h; |
4-[(1-(1,3,4-triazolyl)-methyl)]benzonitrile
4-fluorobenzonitrile
4-((1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile
A
4-[α-(4-cyano-phenyl)-1-(1,3,4-triazol-1-yl)-methyl]-benzonitrile
B
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at -15℃; for 3h; Product distribution / selectivity; |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetic anhydride for 8 - 10h; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; | |
With sodium acetate; acetic anhydride; acetic acid at 20℃; for 3 - 4h; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water High Pressure; mixt. of letrozole, CoCl2, EtOH and H2O sealed in stainless steel reactor, heated to 120°C for 24 h, slowly cooled to room temp.; elem. anal.; | 97.8% |
In ethanol; water CoCl2 and letrozole dissolved in EtOH/H2O; mixt. stirred at room temp. for 1 h; filtered, soln. kept at room temp. for 4 d; elem. anal.; | 33.5% |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: letrozol With sodium hydroxide In water for 6h; Reflux; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water | 94.9% |
Stage #1: letrozol With potassium hydroxide In ethanol; water for 36h; Reflux; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water pH=2; | 86.1% |
Stage #1: letrozol With sodium hydroxide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 12h; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide pH=1; | 77% |
With [Rh(6,7-dihydrotribenzo-[e,i,m][1,4,7,12]-ioxadiazacyclotetradecine)]Cl; water; sodium hydroxide at 70℃; for 0.25h; Reagent/catalyst; Time; | 97.43 %Spectr. |
Alkaline conditions; |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water High Pressure; mixt. of letrozole, NiCl2, EtOH and H2O sealed in stainless steel reactor, heated to 120°C for 24 h, slowly cooled to room temp.; elem. anal.; | 94.8% |
In ethanol; water NiCl2 and letrozole dissolved in EtOH/H2O; mixt. stirred at room temp. for 1 h; filtered, soln. kept at room temp. for 4 d; elem. anal.; | 45.3% |
trans-Cl2Pd(H2NCH2C6H5)2
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: trans-Cl2Pd(H2NCH2C6H5)2; silver nitrate In acetone at 25℃; for 2h; Darkness; Stage #2: letrozol In acetone | 78.5% |
dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol for 1h; Reflux; | 73% |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-1-ium acetate; sodiumsulfide nonahydrate In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 2h; Green chemistry; | 73% |
ethanol
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetyl chloride at 20℃; Cooling with ice; | 72% |
Sodium trans-Bis(dimethhyl sulfoxide) tetrachlororuthenate(III)
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetone Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 66% |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-1-ium acetate; sodiumsulfide nonahydrate In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 2h; Green chemistry; | 64% |
letrozol
4,4'-dicyanodiphenylmethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetraethylammonium perchlorate; triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 6h; Electrolysis; Green chemistry; | 55% |
letrozol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water at 120℃; for 72h; | 47% |
chloroform
letrozol
Cu(I)(1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole)BF4*CHCl3
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In chloroform; benzene solvothermal treatment of Cu-complex with ligand in benzene and CHCl3 for 3 ds at 100°C; elem. anal.; | 40% |
1. Introduction of Letrozole
Letrozole is one kind of white to off-whitecrystalline powder. The IUPAC Name of this chemical is 4-[(4-cyanophenyl)-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]benzonitrile. Letrozole belongs to Anti-Cancer;Pharmaceutical material and intermeidates;Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients;Letrozole;Antineoplastic;All Inhibitors;anti-neoplastic;Inhibitors;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;API's;APIs;Antibiotics;Aromatics;Heterocycles.
Besides, its Classification Code is Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic agents; Aromatase Inhibitors; Enzyme inhibitors. In addition, Letrozole is freely soluble in dichloromethane, slightly soluble in ethanol, and practically insoluble in water.
2. Properties of Letrozole
Physical properties about Letrozole are:
(1)Molecular Weight: 285.30274 g/mol; (2)Molecular Formula: C17H11N5; (3)XLogP3-AA: 2.7; (4)H-Bond Donor: 0; (5)H-Bond Acceptor: 4.
3. Structure Descriptors of Letrozole
(1)InChI: InChI=1S/C17H11N5/c18-9-13-1-5-15(6-2-13)17(22-12-20-11-21-22)16-7-3-14(10-19)4-8-16/h1-8,11-12,17H
(2)InChIKey: HPJKCIUCZWXJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(3)Canonical SMILES: C1=CC(=CC=C1C#N)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)N3C=NC=N3
(4)Smiles: n1(C(c2ccc(cc2)C#N)c2ccc(cc2)C#N)ncnc1
4. Uses of Letrozole
Letrozole (INN, trade name Femara) is an oral non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor that has been introduced for the adjuvant treatment of hormonally-responsive breast cancer. Letrozole is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of local or metastatic breast cancer that is hormone receptor positive or has an unknown receptor status in postmenopausal women. Side effects include signs and symptoms of hypoestrogenism. There is concern that long term use may lead to osteoporosis, which is why prescriptions of Letrozole are often accompanied by prescriptions of osteoporosis-fighting medications such as bisphosphonates.
Estrogens are produced by the conversion of androgens through the activity of the aromatase enzyme. Letrozole blocks production of estrogens in this way by competitive, reversible binding to the heme of its cytochrome P450 unit. The action is specific, and letrozole does not reduce production of mineralo- or corticosteroids. In contrast, the antiestrogenic action of tamoxifen, the major medical therapy prior to the arrival of aromatase inhibitors, is due to its interfering with the estrogen receptor, rather than inhibiting estrogen production.
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