2,3,4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose chlorosulfonic acid ester
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonia In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 20℃; for 3h; Solvent; Temperature; | 96.7% |
With ammonia In tetrahydrofuran; Petroleum ether at 20℃; for 3h; Solvent; | 95.2% |
With pyridine; SULFAMIDE In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene at 128 - 133℃; for 3h; | 91.1% |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol at 20℃; for 1h; | 90% |
2,3;4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl sulfamate In dichloromethane at 30℃; for 8h; | 88% |
With 4-methyl-morpholine; sulphamoyl chloride In di-isopropyl ether; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 5℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity; Crude product recrystalization; | 76% |
With sulphamoyl chloride; triethylamine In di-isopropyl ether; N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 5℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity; Crude product recrystalization; | 75% |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium on activated charcoal In methanol at 20℃; under 9000.9 Torr; for 3h; | 83% |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; sodium acetate; acetic acid In acetone at 68 - 70℃; for 1 - 1.5h; pH=3.5; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; | 67% |
With sodium acetate; acetic acid In water; acetone at 68 - 70℃; for 1 - 1.5h; pH=3.5; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; | 67% |
With water In acetone at 70℃; for 2h; pH=3.5; aq. acetate buffer; |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; sodium acetate; acetic acid In acetone at 70℃; for 2 - 2.5h; pH=3.5; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; | 63% |
With sodium acetate; acetic acid In water; acetone at 70℃; for 2 - 2.5h; pH=3.5; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; | 63% |
N-[(diethylamino)carbonyl]-2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: N-[(diethylamino)carbonyl]-2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate With sodium hydroxide; water; acetic acid In acetone at 78 - 79℃; for 1 - 8.5h; pH=2.5 - 5; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In water; acetone Product distribution / selectivity; | 61% |
With sodium hydroxide; acetic acid In water; acetone at 78 - 79℃; for 1 - 8.5h; pH=2.5 - 5.0; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux; | 61% |
With water; sodium acetate; acetic acid In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 1.5 - 2h; pH=3.5; Product distribution / selectivity; |
2,3-O-(1-Methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose 1-sulfamate
orthoformic acid triethyl ester
Trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid | 30% |
2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose azidosulfate
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; 5%-palladium/activated carbon In ethyl acetate under 2844.39 - 3102.97 Torr; for 8h; |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; water In acetone at 20℃; for 1.5h; Product distribution / selectivity; |
N-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)carbonyl-2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 20 - 80℃; for 12h; Product distribution / selectivity; |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; palladium on activated carbon In ethanol at 20℃; under 2585.81 Torr; for 5h; Product distribution / selectivity; |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water; acetone at 0 - 35℃; Purification / work up; |
D-Fructose
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sulfuric acid 2: SULFAMIDE; pyridine / 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene / 130 - 140 °C View Scheme |
D-fructose
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: zinc(II) chloride / 2 h / 58 °C 2: sulfuryl dichloride; 1H-imidazole / dichloromethane / 2.5 h / 0 °C / Molecular sieve 3: ammonia / ethanol / 6 h / 20 °C / Green chemistry; Industrial scale View Scheme |
fructopyranose
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sulfuric acid / acetone / 0 - 15 °C / Inert atmosphere; Large scale 2: sulfuryl dichloride; pyridine / dichloromethane; toluene / 3 h / -10 - 20 °C 3: ammonia / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 3 h / 20 °C View Scheme |
topiramate
2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose azidosulfate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With fluorosulfonyl azide; potassium hydrogencarbonate In tert-butyl methyl ether; water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; | 99% |
1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diazoacetic acid ethyl ester; zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate In cyclohexane for 12h; Reflux; stereoselective reaction; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride at 23℃; for 24h; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium fluoride on basic alumina In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 48h; | 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; | 88% |
topiramate
methyl iodide
2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose methylsulfamate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium fluoride on basic alumina In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 48h; | 86% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With thionyl chloride In chloroform at 60℃; for 3h; | 80% |
N-Acetylimidazole
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene for 7h; Heating; | 78% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium fluoride on basic alumina In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 48h; | 77% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium fluoride on basic alumina In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 36h; | A 7% B 77% |
bromobenzene
topiramate
((3aR,5aS,8aS,8bR)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4',5'-d]pyran-3a-yl)methyl phenylsulfamate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (1,2-dimethoxyethane)dichloronickel(II); (4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl)-bis-(2-phenylpyridine(-1H))-iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In acetonitrile at 30℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; Sealed tube; | 73% |
topiramate
1-bromomethyl-4-bromobenzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium fluoride on basic alumina In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 36h; | A 68% B 11% |
topiramate
(bromomethyl)pentafluorobenzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium fluoride on basic alumina In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 36h; | A 64% B 28% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 6h; | 60% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate In cyclohexane at 90℃; for 12h; | 57% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium fluoride on basic alumina | A 54% B 33% |
(S)-N-acetylphenylalanine
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diazoacetic acid ethyl ester; manganese(II) perchlorate hexahydrate In cyclohexane at 90℃; for 12h; chemoselective reaction; | 48% |
1-(Trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexene
topiramate
4,5-O-cyclohexylidene-2,3-O-(1-methyl-ethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In tetrahydrofuran for 0.0833333h; | 43% |
topiramate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Amberlite IR-45 (anion-exchange resin, hydroxide form); trifluoroacetic acid for 18h; Ambient temperature; | 43% |
topiramate
2,3-O-(1-Methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose 1-sulfamate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In tetrahydrofuran at 45℃; for 3.5h; | 31% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol for 16h; Reflux; | 20% |
1. Introduction of Topiramate
Topiramate, with the systematic name of beta-D-Fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-, sulfamate, is one kind of white powder. This chemical belongs to the Product Categories which include Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients; APIs; Health & Beauty; Carbohydrates & Derivatives; Pharmaceuticals; Glutamate receptor. It is used as an anticonvulsant and an antidepressant. It is also used to treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
2. Properties of Topiramate
Topiramate has the properties: (1)Molecular Formula: C12H21NO8S; (2)Molecular Weight: 339.362040 g/mol; (3)Index of Refraction: 1.497; (4)Molar Refractivity: 74.32 cm3; (5)Molar Volume: 253.8 cm3; (6)Surface Tension: 53.3 dyne/cm; (7)Density: 1.336 g/cm3; (8)Flash Point: 219.1 °C; (9)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 69.55 kJ/mol; (10)Boiling Point: 438.7 °C at 760 mmHg; (11)Vapour Pressure: 6.76E-08 mmHg at 25 °C; (12)Melting Point: 125°C ; (13)DMSO Solubility : ~44 mg/mL; (14)Storage Temp.: 2-8°C.
3. Toxicity of Topiramate
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | > 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg) | Drugs of the Future. Vol. 14, Pg. 342, 1989. |
4. Safety Information of Topiramate
Safety Information of Topiramate (CAS NO. 97240-79-4):
Hazard Codes: Xi
Risk Statements: 36/37/38
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
Safety Statements: 26-36
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: LS7083000
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