This work is continuation of our systematic study of activity coefficients at infinite dilution, γ∞ of different organic solutes and water in the ionic liquids. New data of γ∞ were determined for 62 solutes, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ...

The activity coefficients at infinite dilution, γ∞ and gas–liquid partition coefficients, KL for 61 solutes: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, thiophene, ethers, ketones, esters, 1-nitropropane, butanal, acetonitrile, and water in the ionic liquid 1-(2-...

This paper presents new data on activity coefficients at infinite dilution, γ∞ for 62 different solutes: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, thiophene, ethers, ketones, and water in the ionic liquid 4-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-methylmorpholinium trifluorotris(per...

Neither bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (Deoxofluor™ reagent) nor HF/pyridine alone can fluorinate diaryl sulfoxides. S-fluorination can be effected by activating the sulfoxide via protonation with HF/pyridine (70:30) to form sulfoxonium ions in equilibrium which are then S-fluorinate...

The activity coefficients at infinite dilution, γ∞, gas–liquid partition coefficients, KL, the partial molar excess Gibbs free energy ΔG1E,∞, enthalpy ΔH1E,∞ and entropy ΔS1E,∞ at infinite dilution for 61 organic solutes and water in the ionic liquid 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidi...

2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)-5-(3-aminoprop-1-ynyl)-uridine phosphoramidite (MEPU) has been synthesized from d-ribose and 5-iodouracil and incorporated into triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) by automated solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. The TFOs gave very high triplex stability with their ...

The synthesis of novel 3-O-(2-methoxyethyl)cellulose via 2,6-di-O-thexyldimethylsilyl ethers was successfully carried out. Treatments of 3-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,6-di-O-thexyldimethylsilylcellulose with tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate led to a complete removal of the protecting groups. Stru...

The nerve agent VX is most likely to enter the body via liquid contamination of the skin. After percutaneous exposure, the slow uptake into the blood, and its slow elimination result in toxic levels in plasma for a period of several hours. Consequently, this has implications for the development ...

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the oxime obidoxime (Toxogonin, 50 mg/kg iv) were investigated in anesthetized normal rats and in sarin-poisoned (50 μg/kg iv) rats. The kinetics were described by a two-compartment open model. The elimination half-life ranged from 35 min in normal r...

A capillary gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) and an ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method were developed for the assay of atropine sulphate and obidoxime chloride from a parenteral solution in commercial automatic injection devices. The injectors are aimed for the emerge...

The action of HI-6 (1-[[[(4-aminocarbonyl)pyridiniol]methoxy]methyl]-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridinium dichloride monohydrate) and obidoxime on soman-induced anticholinesterase and stressogenic effects was studied in rats. HI-6 significantly affected acetylcholinesterase inhibition in erythrocy...

Intranasal delivery is an emerging method for bypassing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and targeting therapeutics to the CNS. Oximes are used to counteract the effects of organophosphate poisoning, but they do not readily cross the BBB. Therefore, they cannot effectively counteract the central ne...

Atropine and obidoxime in a parenteral injection device are determined by simple HPLC method simultaneously without any pretreatment at 228 nm. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) were below 1.6% for the compounds. The correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999 for both compounds in th...

A rapid selective and accurate quantitative 1H NMR method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of obidoxime chloride and atropine sulfate, the active components in parenteral injection devices (PID) used for the emergency treatment of poisoning by toxic organophosphates. The spectra were ...

It has been established that obidoxime chloride reacts with palladium(II) chloride in the pH range 3.9–8.0 and forms a yellow water-soluble (1:1) complex with maximum absorbance at 355 nm. By applying the methods of Sommer, Nash and Job involving non-equimolar solutions the conditional stabilit...

SummaryThe LKB1 (also called STK11) tumor suppressor is mutationally inactivated in ∼20% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). LKB1 is the major upstream kinase activating the energy-sensing kinase AMPK, making LKB1-deficient cells unable to appropriately sense metabolic stress. We tested the...

The biguanides, phenformin and metformin, are used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, as well as being routinely used in studies investigating AMPK activity. We used the patch-clamp technique and rubidium flux assays to determine the role of these drugs in ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K...

AimsRecent evidence has shown that systemic administration of sulfonylureas and biguanides block the diclofenac-induced antinociception, but not the effect produced by indomethacin. However, there are no reports about the peripheral interaction between analgesics and the biguanides metformin and...

Graphene/cadmium sulphide (GR-CdS) nanocomposite was synthesized via a low temperature process in aqueous solution. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The imped...

Conventional cancer chemotherapy often fails as most anti-cancer drugs are not effective against drug-resistant cancer stem cells. These surviving cancer stem cells lead to relapse and metastasis. In this study, an anti-diabetic drug, phenformin, capable of eliminating cancer stem cells was load...