The influence of supercritical water (SW) on reactions of organic chlorides at concentrations of 1.5 to 7 mole % has been examined. The aliphatic compounds were represented by 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane which reacted rapidly and completely at 400 °C by both pyrolysis and with SW. The presence of ...

The thermal cracking of n-butylbenzene was experimentally studied at high pressure (70 MPa), and moderate temperatures (583, 603, 623 K), for conversions of n-butylbenzene ranging between 0.7% and 62%. The pyrolysis was performed in sealed isobaric gold tubes (confined pyrolysis). Three main che...

The speeds of sound in liquid cumene and tert-butylbenzene were measured over the temperature range from 293.15 K to 433.15 K under pressures up to 100.1 MPa, relative combined expanded uncertainty in the measurement of the speed of sound is 0.001 for 0.99 level of confidence. A method for the c...

Crisscross addition polymerization of alkyl aldazines (i.e., acetaldehyde azine, propionaldehyde azine, and butyraldehyde azine (BuAz)) and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (Ph(IC)2) was investigated under various conditions. The crisscross addition polymerizations in pyridine yielded polymers in high...

Oxidation of readily available N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-alkylpyrrolidin-2-ones to the corresponding N-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-5-alkylpyrrolidin-2-ones gives direct access to enantiomerically pure 5-alkyl analogues of the cognition activating agent Aniracetam.

Ultrasound accelerates the formation of α-benzoylbenzyl cyanide and benzoic acid in the reaction of benzyl cyanide with potassium superoxide in the presence of 18-crown-6. Similarly, 4-methylbenzyl cyanide, 4-methoxybenzyl cyanide and 4-chlorobenzyl cyanide gave the corresponding α-(4-methylbe...

Backgroundtrans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a weaker antimicrobial potency than other available antibiotics. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to exhibit synergistic antifungal ac...

Trans-anethole (TA) is a phenolic phytocompound widely used in the food and health sector because of its diverse biological properties. However, its role in the promotion of bone formation is not known. With the enhanced bioavailability of TA, we aimed to determine its effect on osteogenesis; TA...

This study assessed the effect of the combination of anethole and ibuprofen in comparison with monotherapy by either drug alone, using two in vivo inflammatory models, namely the pleurisy and paw edema in rats. We also measured the levels of the TNF protein in plasma, and the ability of anethole...

Chronic stress and smoking are major risk factors for hypertension, with stress also being a factor predisposing to smoking. Methods are needed to prevent and/or reduce hypertension induced by chronic exposure to both stress and nicotine. This study investigated whether trans-anethole would prev...

The extraction of trans-anethole from fennel seeds is assessed by supercritical CO2 together with ethanol as the modifier. The experiments and modeling are designed through response surface methodology (RSM). The fennel extract is analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)....

The hepatotoxicity induced by APAP is caused by the excessive production of N-acetyl-para-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which, when reacting with hepatic proteins proved to cause irreversible lesions. Associated with this process, an intense inflammatory process is also evidenced, characterized by...

Molecules from natural sources, such as essential oils, have shown activity against parasites in vitro, but have not yet been explored extensively in vivo. Anethole and carvone (10% each), encapsulated with 80% of a solid matrix, referred to as EO (encapsulated oils), were tested in vivo in 2 ex...

PurposeIn aging skin and some skin disorders, components of skin extracellular matrix (ECM) are disturbed and therefore research to find skin drugs is important. Evaluation of anethole impact on collagen, GAGs and MMP-2 in human skin fibroblasts was the aim of this study.

4-n-Nonylphenol (4-n-NP) is an environmental pollutant with endocrine-disrupting activities that is formed during the degradation of nonylphenol polyethoxylates, which are widely used as surfactants. Utilization of 4-n-NP by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus versicolor as the sole carbon and en...

Nonylphenols (NPs) are known as Endocrine Disputing Chemicals (ECDs) and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and have attracted continuous attention. Biodegradation is one of the effective ways for pollutant removal in aquatic, sedimentary and soil environments. In this study, two estuarine der...

We measured the removal of 4-n-nonylphenol (between 50 and 500 μg L−1) from an aqueous solution with or without linden and oak leaf disks. More 4-n-NP was removed when the leaves were first exposed for 3 weeks in a stream, which allowed colonization by aquatic hyphomycetes. The response of fung...

Subsoils control the release of hydrophobic pollutants to groundwater systems, but the role of subsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) in sorption processes of hydrophobic organic pollutants remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to understand the role of subsoil SOC in sorption processes of 4-n-nony...

The presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol and bisphenol A in environmental samples and artificial products may cause health problems for human and organisms. This developed method was efficient for monitoring of those tracing emerging contaminates an...

Toxicological effect of freshwater algae co-exposure to Cd and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) was seldom reported. In the present study, Chlorella sorokiniana was selected for testing the single and combined effect of Cd and 4-n-NP by detecting the growth inhibition and oxidative stress after exposure...