Quadrupole isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID4MS) and switchable solvent based liquid phase microextraction (SS-LPME) were combined to determine 4‑n‑nonylphenol (NP) in municipal waste water samples at trace levels. In this method, SS-LPME served as a preconcentration technique to reach trac...

In this study, the ability of 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) elimination by fungal species belonging to the genus Metarhizium was investigated. The occurrence of 35 metabolites from 4-n-NP degradation was confirmed. For the first time, based on the obtained results, the 4-n-NP biodegradation pathway d...

The adsorption of 4-n-Nonylphenol (4-n-NP), a persistent emerging contaminant, onto the surface of hematite and goethite was studied using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption kinetics for hematite and goethite show that equilibrium was reached in less than 24 h, ...

The widely used surfactant nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) and its raw material 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), as well as its degradation products, are recognized as endocrine disrupting chemicals. The USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released an assessment that looked for safe alternatives to...

Liposomes can be used as vehicles for intracellular delivery of drugs into phagocytic cells. Clodronate and propamidine, delivered into macrophages in this way, will kill these cells as a result of intracellular accumulation and irreversible metabolic damage. The so-called liposome-mediated macr...

Propamidine is an aromatic diamidine compound. In the current study, baseline sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to propamidine was determined using 78 strains collected from the oilseed rape fields without a previous history of propamidine usage. The median effective concentration (EC50) v...

In the current study, baseline sensitivity of Valsa mali to propamidine was determined using 80 strains collected from apple orchards in Shaanxi Province, China. The median effective concentration (EC50) values for propamidine inhibiting mycelial growth ranged from 0.086 to 0.852 μg/mL, with a ...

Background: The extent to which benzonatate (Tessalon®), a structurally similar agent to other local anesthetics including tetracaine and procaine, poses a risk to the public is not fully appreciated as it is still one of the most widely prescribed antitussives available. Objectives: To report a...

SummaryAcute cough due to viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is the most common form of cough and accounts for tremendous expenditure on prescription and non-prescription cough products worldwide. However, few agents have been shown in properly conducted clinical trials to be effectiv...

The decomposition of benzonatate in aqueous solutions followed apparent first-order kinetics. One major hydrolysis product, 4-(butylamino)benzoic acid, was efficiently and completely separated from benzonatate with a validated HPLC. The apparent activation energies obtained from an Arrhenius plo...

Benzonatate was FDA-approved in 1958 as an antitussive. Its mechanism of action is thought to be anesthesia of vagal sensory nerve fibers that mediate cough. Vagal sensory neurons highly express the Nav1.7 subtype of voltage-gated sodium channels, and inhibition of this channel inhibits the coug...

Benzonatate (TESSALON®) is a peripherally acting oral antitussive. It undergoes rapid ester hydrolysis producing 4-(butylamino) benzoic acid (BBA) and methylated polyethylene glycol (MPG) metabolites, which are eliminated in urine and feces. The nonclinical and clinical efficacy of Benzonatate h...

Benzonatate has been used as a non-narcotic oral antitussive drug for many years. Its pharmacokinetics has never been reported due to the technical difficulties in detecting benzonatate by mass spectrometry. However, its concentration can be extrapolated based on the concentration of its metabol...

Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by mitomycin C (MMC), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) or UV-light in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO K-1 cells) were enhanced by cinoxate (2-ethoxyethyl p-methoxycinnamate) or methyl sinapate (methyl 3,5-dimethoxy 4-hydroxycinnamate). Both subs...

A series of alkynyl maleimides were prepared via one-step cross-coupling reaction using bromomaleimide and acetylenes under the Sonogashira conditions, affording 1-((4-methoxyphenyl)-3-alkynes)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones in good to high yields. These products were subsequently converted in the corres...

A novel series of Schiff bases 4a–n was prepared from 2-hydrazinyl-N-(2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl)acetamide. Thiazolidinone 5a–n derivatives were prepared from the reaction of Schiff base and thioglycolic acid. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on ...

Structural study of the azo compound obtained as a result of diazotization and coupling of 8-amino-naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid (Cleve's acid), has been performed by the spectroscopic methods 1H NMR and FTIR. UV–vis spectra of 8-amino-5,8′-azo-bis-naphthalene-2-sulphonic acid (CA-CA) were ...

A series of new 4-aminoazobenzene dyes was synthesised. Absorption maxima and some important technical properties (lightfastness and fastness to washing) on nylon-6.6 and on wool were measured. A number of similar previously described structures were also prepared and characterised. Colour and c...

The hydrolysis of one sulfamide derivative under conventional conditions and under thermolysis reaction has been investigated. Comparison between these techniques revealed advantages in the use of thermal decomposition reaction to obtain sulfamides, due to the easy elimination of gaseous by-prod...

In this study, a series of sulfamoyl carbamates and sulfamide derivatives were synthesized. Six commercially available benzyl amines and BnOH were reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) to give sulfamoyl carbamates. Pd–C catalyzed hydrogenolysis reactions of carbamates afforded sulfamides...