Starting with (2RS,3RS)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3-phthalimidoazetidine-2-carbaldehyde (1) the two diastereoisomeric 4-(3-acetylthiazolidin-2-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phthalimidoazetidin-2-ones 4a and 5a were prepared and converted into their 3-allyloxycarbonylamino analogues 4c and 5c, respec...

Trans-polydiene rubber family as high-performance tire stock possessed excellent dynamic properties, including excellent anti fatigue, low rolling resistance, low heat buildup, good green strength, and low abrasion loss. Here, Reactor Granule Technology (RGT) was introduced into the field of syn...

Degradation study of trans-1,4-polyisoprene (trans-1,4-PI), that can be produced by the nature, was performed using first and second generation Grubbs and Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts with olefins (ethylene or 1-octene) as transfer agents in toluene at 60 °C. While first generation Grubbs catalyst...

Polymorphic crystallization behaviors in amorphous/crystalline polymer blends of cis-1,4-polyisoprene/trans-1,4-polyisoprene (CPI/TPI) have been not fully understood so far. In this work, we investigated the effects of CPI content and crystallization temperature on crystal nucleation, spherulite...

Because amorphous cis-1,4-polyisoprene(CPI) and crystalline trans-1,4-polyisoprene(TPI) are isomers, with similar refractive index, electron density and even glass transition temperatures, confirmation of miscibility is difficult by using most direct methods, such as phase contrast optical micro...

2,3,5- and 2,4,5-trichiorophenyl methyl sulfides, 2,3,5- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl methyl sulfoxides, and 2,3,5- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl methyl sulfones (TCPSO2Mes) were detected in the urine of rats dosed with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB). After the administration of 1,2,4-TCB to rats, swift ...

In the present study, we investigated the contribution of methylsulfonyl metabolite derived from 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) on the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase induction by the parent compound in rats. The time courses of increasing of hepatic microsomal total cytochrome P450 ...

The development of novel semiconductor with highly efficient photocatalytic activity for completely degrading organic pollutants in the aquatic environment is a dominating goal of modern chemistry. Herein, a novel composite with excellent photocatalytic activity was firstly synthesized by loadin...

The interaction between ceftriaxone sodium trihydrate (CFT) drug and surfactants such as tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), Triton X-100 (TX-100), and Tween-80 (TW-80) was studied under various conditions by using three different physico-chemical methods. CFT is used for the treatment o...

The morphology-controlled synthesis of nano-structure photocatalyst have leaded a new possibility to improve their physical and chemical properties. Herein, Bi2WO6 nanocrystals (BWO) with nano-flower, nano plates, knot shape, rod like and irregular morphologies have been successfully synthesized...

Modern chemistry aims to identify outstanding photocatalytic materials for antibiotic degradation given the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Herein, highly efficient heterojunction photocatalysts composed of Bi2WO6 nanoflowers (BW) and g-C3N4 nanosheets (CNNs) were successfully synthesized. Th...

In this work, a novel Z-scheme sonocatalyst, KTaO3/FeVO4/Bi2O3, is prepared via ultrasonic-assisted isoelectric point method. The prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectro...

Ionic liquids have recently been of growing significance in pharmaceutical applications. The effect of some ionic liquids on the thermodynamic and transport characteristics of ceftriaxone sodium (CFNa) drug has been studied in this research. Density, speed of sound, and viscosity of CFNa in 1-bu...

Ceftriaxone sodium cannot be delivered orally due to its lower permeability and gastric instability. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) spontaneously form oil-in-water nanoemulsions and are preferred for oral drug delivery owing to their enhanced permeation capabilities. This st...

Publisher SummaryThe chemistry of certain alkylphenols and that of hindered phenols is discussed in this chapter. Alkylphenols possessing longer alkyl chains, which are sometimes mono- but usually multi-branched, have achieved special industrial interest notably those with C8 and C9 alkyl groups...

Bis-2-chloroethyl sulphide (sulphur mustard or HD) is an extremely toxic and persistent chemical warfare agent. For in-situ degradation of HD and its analogues (simulants), i.e., dibutyl sulphide (DBS) and ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulphide (HEES), different adsorbents systems loaded with (1R)-(-)-(c...

The first total synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine in 13% overall yield is presented. The 11-step synthetic route is based on the synthetic strategy used for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylmuramic acid, the MurC ligase substrate. However, an unexpected amid...

2-Amino-3-O-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (isomuramic acid), an isomer of muramic acid, and its N-acetyl derivative have been synthesized from benzyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-α- and β-D-glucopyranoside by condensation with D-2-chloropropionic acid, followed by removal of th...

UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine and UDP-N-acetyl-muramic acid are two important cytoplasmic precursors of bacterial peptidoglycan. The convergent synthesis of their analogues is reported. The α-1-C-linked-N-acetyl-glucosamine was synthesized using microwave-assisted Keck radical allylation. Oxidation ...

A procedure for preparing allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-N-phthaloyl-muramic acid methyl ester is described. Depending on the reaction conditions, a partial cleavage of the phthaloyl group and formation of the tricyclic allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-muramic acid 1′,2-lactam also occurred; a successful route...