A toxicologic and dermatologic review of α-ionone when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Interactions between bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) genetic variants (A, B and a mixture thereof) and α-ionone, β-ionone and vanillin were studied by tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy under various conditions of pH and ionic strength. When β-ionone was added to β-Lg, we found progressive...
The biotransformation of (±)-α-ionone (1) by Glomerella cingulata was investigated. Compound 1 was transformed into two compounds (2,3). The ketone was reduced to α-ionol and the olefin was reduced to dihydrio-α-ionol, respectively. (−)-(6S,9R)- and (+)-(6R,9S)-α-ionol proceeded the corresp...
The purpose of this study was to quantify xanthophylls in selected vegetables commonly consumed in the Philippines and to investigate the effect of boiling on their availability. Thirteen vegetables were grouped into green-leafy and non-leafy. Results showed that fresh malunggay contains the hig...
The foremost problem in carotenoid research is the excessive cost and difficulty of maintaining pure carotenoid compounds. This work presents an economical, efficient, and simplified one-step scheme for the purification of four major xanthophyll carotenoids from lettuce by utilizing preparative ...
The problem of photoprotection associated with the xanthophyll cycle is addressed by examination of effects of exogenous violaxanthin and zeaxanthin on isolated antenna complex LHCII. Analysis of electronic absorption spectra suggests multiple sites of binding of violaxanthin and zeaxanthin to t...
A microencapsulated xanthophyll preparation method, using an ultrasonic cell grinder synchronizing emulsification inclusion procedure, was developed for improving the stability and water solubility of xanthophyll. The microencapsulated xanthophyll was analyzed, tested and characterized by method...
The xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin accumulate in human retina and protect vision functions against blue light, singlet oxygen and triplet photosensitizers, but are easily degraded by free radicals involved in lipid oxidation in eye tissue. Polyphenols may regenerate xanthophylls from their i...
Digestibility of macro and micronutrients depends on the ingested food as well as on gastrointestinal conditions, being those suboptimal in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) patients. Under this scenario, oral enzyme supplementation improves enzymatic hydrolysis of nutrients. In this study...
The xanthophyll cycle regulates the energy flow to photosynthetic reaction centres of plant leaves. Changes in the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments can be observed as changes in the leaf absorption of light with wavelengths between 500 to 570 nm. These spectral changes c...
Macular xanthophylls (MXs) are distinguished from other dietary carotenoids by their high membrane solubility and preferential transmembrane orientation. Additionally, these properties enhance the chemical and physical stability of MXs in the eye retina, and maximize their protective activities....
In changing light conditions, photosynthetic organisms develop different strategies to maintain a fine balance between light harvesting, photochemistry, and photoprotection. One of the most widespread photoprotective mechanisms consists in the dissipation of excess light energy in the form of he...
Carotenoids are structurally diverse pigments with various important biological functions. There has been a large interest in the search for novel carotenoid structures, since only a slight structural changes can result in a drastic difference in their biological functions. Carotenoid-modifying ...
Methods of purifying a series of dialkyl sodium sulfosuccinates by crystallization and slurry adsorption are described. These procedures are useful for purification of relatively large quantities. The relationship of critical micelle concentration to chain length of the alkyl group is described....
The conductance of solutions of very carefully purified di-n-octyl, di-n-hexyl, di-n-amyl, di-n-butyl, and di(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate was measured at 29.92°C. Plots of equivalent conductance against the square root of the concentration showed that only di-n-hexyl and di(2-ethylhexyl...
The D'Amour-Smith method has been used in rats to study the rate and degree of analgetic tolerance developed when narcotic agents were given with phenothiazine derivatives once daily over a 9-week period. Dosages of the phenothiazines were selected that initially gave approximately the same...
Some chemical and physical properties of phenazocine hydrobromide are presented, including X-ray diffraction data and infrared curves on three known crystalline forms. A schematic representation of a method of synthesis is included. Several color reactions and microchemical tests are given which...
SUMMARYPhenazocine, in doses of 1.4 mg/70 kg and 2.1 mg/70 kg, was compared with 10.5 mg/70 kg morphine under “double blind” conditions for the relief of postoperative pain. All the patients had undergone abdominal surgery and all the interviews were carried out by one assessor. No significant...
Although quite stable in acid solution, phenazocine hydrobromide is appreciably decomposed by heat in alkaline solution. The products of this decomposition reaction have been isolated and identified as styrene and the “des-phenethyl” analog of phenazocine hydrobromide. Ultraviolet absorption a...
Orally administered pentazocine (Fortral) and phenazocine (Narphen) were compared for analgesia and side effects in a single-dose study of 284 patients with postoperative pain. Pain was assessed separately by patients and observers. Patients who were in moderate pain experienced better pain reli...
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