BackgroundGinsenosides accumulation responses to temperature are critical to quality formation in cold dependent American ginseng. However, the studies on cold requirement mechanism relevant to ginsenosides have been limited in this species.

BackgroundGinsenoside Rb1, a triterpene saponin, is derived from the Panax ginseng root and has potent antiinflammatory activity. In this study, we determined if Rb1 can increase macrophage phagocytosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.

BackgroundGinsenosides are the unique and bioactive components in ginseng. Ginsenosides are affected by the growing environment and conditions. In New Zealand (NZ), Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng) is grown as a secondary crop under a pine tree canopy with an open-field forest environment. There...

Three pairs of ginsenoside epimers, including three new compounds (2, 3 and 5), were isolated from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of considerable spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the reported data. All six compoun...

Two series of styrylcarbonyl 3‐phenylsydnone derivatives, 4‐[1‐oxo‐(3‐substituted aryl)‐2‐propenyl]‐3‐phenylsydnones (series I, 1–21) and 3‐[4‐[3‐(substituted aryl)‐1‐oxo‐2‐propenyl]phenyl]sydnones (series II, 22–40), were synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically at a dose o...

Novel, photocrosslinkable, star-shaped molecules have been synthesized by attaching a tricyanopyrroline (TCP)-based chromophore to 6-(4-{1,1-bis-[4-(5-carboxy-pentyloxy)-phenyl]-ethyl}-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid. The chromophore 2-(3-cyano-4-(4-diethylamino-phenyl)-5-oxo-1-{4-[4-(3-oxo-3-phenyl-prop...

A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of 3-(furan-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones was developed. The reaction of ethyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanoates and 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran were performed in presence of K10 Montmorillonite Clay heterogeneous catalyst under the solvent-free...

Two homopolymers (poly(4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl) (PBCz) and poly(indole-6-carboxylic acid) (PInc)) and three copolymers (P(BCz1-co-Inc1), P(BCz1-co-Inc2), and P(BCz1-co-Inc4)) with various BCz/Inc feed molar ratios are electrochemical polymerized on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode...

The hypothesis that protein kinase C activation can modulate excitatory amino acid-induced dopamine release was tested by investigating effects of phorbol esters, direct activators of protein kinase C, on dopamine release stimulated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA sub-types of excita...

Five phorbol diesters, together with three known ones, were isolated from a MeOH extract of the seeds of Croton tiglium, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and selective hydrolysis of acyl groups. These compounds were assessed for their abilities to inhibit an HIV-indu...

All stereoisomers with regard to C-1 and 2 of 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) analogue containing unsaturated (β-valienamine) and saturated 5a-carba-β-d-glucopyranosylamine (β-validamine) residues in place of morpholine moiety were synthesized. Although PDMP is a poten...

In this work, we explore a double categorical framework for categories of enriched graphs, categories and the newly introduced notion of cocategories. A fundamental goal is to establish an enrichment of V-categories in V-cocategories, which generalizes the so-called Sweedler theory relative to a...

The recovery and separation of vanadium and chromium from vanadium-containing chromate solution are necessary and valuable for the comprehensive utilization and environmental protection of V-Ti-bearing magnetite ore. In this work, a tetragonal ZrO2 adsorbent was used for harmless treatment and r...

Model-Based System engineering (MBSE) promotes Verification and Validation (V&V) as crucial activities to demonstrate, during the system design stage and based on models, that a system meets requirements defined by stakeholders and that it fulfills its intended purpose. Model V&V activities are ...

In order to efficiently extract vanadium and remove phosphorus from acidic leaching solutions of vanadium-bearing converter slag, thermodynamic equilibrium diagrams of V-H2O and V-P-H2O systems were analyzed to understand the transformation rules of the single-core ion, isopolyacid ion, and hete...

The kinetics of V(V) extraction from acidic sulfate medium by primary amine N1923(RNH2) dissolved in sulfonated kerosene has been investigated using a falling single drop technique. The time of drop formation and coalescence was determined and considered for calculating the V(V) transfer flux. T...

V&V constitutes a powerful framework to demonstrate the capability of computational tools in several technological areas. Passing V&V requirements is a needed step before applications. Let's focus hereafter to the area of (transient) Nuclear Thermal-hydraulic (NTH) and let's identify V...

Squalene epoxidase and oxidosqualene cyclase, two sequential enzymes in the sterol biosynthesis pathway, are inhibited effectively by trisnorsqualene methyl hydroxylamine.

Antagonism of the dopamine D3 receptor is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. We have previously reported that the atypical antipsychotic blonanserin, a dopamine D2/D3 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, highly occupies d...

Two new total syntheses of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-dihydronaphtho[1,2-f]isoquinolines are based on the construction of their phenanthrene ring system by photochemically induced cyclization of N-{2-[(E)-2-phenyl-1-ethenyl]phenylethyl}acetamides or 1-methyl-5-[(E)-2-phenyl-1-ethenyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrois...