Paracetamol (N-acetyl-para amino phenol) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic around the world. Its causes hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity at overdose or even at therapeutic doses. It is primarily metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation. It is also metabolized by ...

Liver injury is one of the hallmark features of severe dengue virus (DENV) infection since DENV can replicate in the liver and induce hepatocytes to undergo apoptosis. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), which is a clinically-used drug for treating acetaminophen toxicity, was found to benefit patients with...

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in agriculture. To monitor glyphosate exposure, analytical methods have to fulfill requirements with regard to sensitivity, reproducibility, ease of handling/high-throughput and applicability to multiple biological matrices. Furthermore, the methods have to ...

N-acetyl-L-cysteine is known to have antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, and antioxidant activities. Therefore, the in vitro inhibitory effect of this hit was evaluated in the present study on the growth of Babesia and Theileria parasites. The in vitro growth of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemi...

SummaryN-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) is a peptide-based neurotransmitter that has been extensively studied in many neurological diseases. In this study, we show a specific role of NAAG in cancer. We found that NAAG is more abundant in higher grade cancers and is a source of glutamate in can...

Phosphate-catalyzed epimerization of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to N-acetyl-d-mannosamine is reported in this study. The epimerization of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine was found to be facilitated by proton acceptors via the deprotonation of the amide group. Among the proton acceptors tested in this study p...

N-acetyl group metabolites are a general class of endogenous compounds characterized by a conjugated system consisting of an acetyl group and nitrogen moiety. The aim of our exploratory pilot case-control study is to compare the levels of five N-acetyl derivatives (i.e., N-acetyl-glutamine, N-ac...

N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a valuable monosaccharide widely used in the medical, agricultural, biofuel, and food industries. Its efficient and environment-friendly production depends on the binary system of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (HEX) and chitinase. In the present study, a HEX of gly...

Defatted krill powder (DKP), the byproduct of krill oil industry, is a resource of biological macromolecules. Here, one bacterial protease, three bacterial chitinases and one insect N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase were integratively used to produce peptide, N,N′-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] and N-a...

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, and great attention has been placed on the protective role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) for vasculature against oxidant-induced injury. We tested whether the protective effects of ...

Protein phosphorylation is a key reaction in the regulation of cellular events and is catalysed by over 500 protein kinases in humans. The activities of protein kinases are strictly controlled through a diverse set of mechanisms. Structural studies have shown that the conformation adopted by kin...

The reaction mechanisms of the 1Σ+ ground state of YS+ with oxygen-transfer reagent: YS+ + CO2 → YO+ + COS in the gas phase has been studied by using density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the reaction proceeds via two four-center transition states (TS1 and TS2) with a cyclic comple...

Overexpression of the gene for heme oxygenase (HO)-1 leads to a reduction in pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (Ang II) in experimental animals. Using rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we tested whether YS 49 [1-(α-naphtylmethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline] inhi...

A novel tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1-α-naphthylmethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (YS 49) 1) increased heart rate and force in isolated rat atria; 2) relaxed PE- and KCl-contracted rat aorta, and 3) decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate in anesthesized rabbit. These ef...

The effects of higenamine and its 1-naphthyl analogs, YS-49 and YS-51, on thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation from arachidonic acid (AA) and aggregation in platelets, were investigated. YS-49 and YS-51 (IC50; 32.8 and 39.4 μM respectively) exhibited much stronger inhibitory effects on TXA2 formatio...

The antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of YS-49 and YS-51—l-naphthylmethyl analogs of higenamine, which is a benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Aconitum japonicum (Ranunculaceae)—were investigated. YS-49 and YS-51 showed inhibitory activities to both human and rat platel...

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a population-based metaheuristic for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. Many studies are dedicated to accelerating ACO by parallel hardware, especially by graphics processing units (GPUs). However, due to the irregular (random) pattern of ACO algor...

With the fast development of information science and technology, the increasing demand for computer data processing caused a rapid growth in central processing unit (CPU) of high power capacity. CPU Cooling plays an important role in guaranteeing reliable working conditions with proper temperatu...

A vertical radiator with multi pulse condensation ends and a plane evaporating end for vertical CPU cooling is developed. A 304 stainless steel test piece is processed and a detailed experimental study of heat transfer performance and start-up performance is performed. The influence of liquid fi...

The inefficient cooling processes in data centers consume a large amount of energy making them very expensive. This study is focuses on using a thermosiphon loop as an efficient replacement of currently used air cooling and water cooling techniques for dissipating large heat loads from the CPUs....