Versatile syntheses of 5-imino or 5-acylidene substituted 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives are reported from α-dioxothiazole systems and phosphoranes via Wittig reactions. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the compounds were evaluated. 5-Carbonylmethylene substituted 2-thioxo-1,3-thiaz...

A series of novel 2-imino-4-thiazolidinone derivatives 4a,b was synthesized through reaction of unsymmetrical thioureas 3a,b with chloroacetic acid. Condensation of 4a,b with aromatic aldehydes 5a-eyielded the corresponding 5-arylidene derivatives 6a-j. In addition, the reaction of 4a,b with 4-a...

Design and synthesis of new pyrimidine derivatives clubbed with thiazolidin-4-one from 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine and their in vitro anticancer activities were screened at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA against full NCI 60 cell lines. Compound 2 (NSC: 765735...

There is a constant need for new therapies against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer. An attractive strategy is to develop chelators that display significant antitumor activity in multidrug resistant cancer cell lines overexpressing the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein. In this study we used a pan...

3D domain-swapping proteins form multimers by unfolding and then sharing of secondary structure elements, often with native-like interactions. Runaway domain swapping is proposed as a mechanism for folded proteins to form amyloid fibres, with examples including serpins and cystatins. Cystatin C ...

Plant cystatins are naturally occurring protease inhibitors that prevent proteolysis by papain-like cysteine proteases. Their protective action against environmental stresses has been relatively well characterised. Still, there is a need to greatly improve both potency and specificity based on t...

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of periventricular hyperintensities and serum cystatin C on mild cognitive impairment to provide a basis for the investigation of the pathogenesis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate renal impairment in type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria by detection of serum cystatin C and serum and urinary TGF-β levels.

As an abundantly expressed cysteine protease inhibitor widely distributed in the organisms, cystatin C is involved in various physiological processes. Due to its relatively small molecular weight and easy detection, cystatin C is commonly used as a measure for glomerular filtration rate. In path...

Cystatin C is an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine proteases and widely exist in organisms. Several studies in mammals have showed that Cystatin C plays critical role in the immune defense against microorganisms. It is also well known that some fish Cystatin C have important immune regulation fun...

ObjectiveTo investigate putative salivary biomarkers for screening and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.

Dozens of studies have assessed the practical value of plant cystatins as ectopic inhibitors of Cys proteases in biological systems. The potential of these proteins in crop protection to control herbivorous pests and pathogens has been documented extensively over the past 25 years. Their usefuln...

Cystatins are endogenous and reversible inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are important players in cancer progression. Besides their primary role as regulators of cysteine peptidase activity, cystatins are involved in cancer development and progression through proteolysis-independent mechan...

SummaryThe interaction of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) with amino groups was followed by measuring the capacity of adducts to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Of the natural amino acids only glycine, ornithine, and lysine interacted strongly with PQQ. The reducing acivity of other less reac...

Publisher SummaryPyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 2,7,9-tricarboxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline- 4,5-dione) is one of the quinone cofactors functioning in the so-called quinoprotein enzymes. This chapter discusses the isolation, preparation, and assay of PQQ. PQQ functions only as a cofactor in bact...

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a naturally occurring redox cofactor that acts as an essential nutrient, antioxidant, and redox modulator. It has previously been reported to reduce infarct size in 7-day-old rat pups with an in vivo cerebral hypoxia/ischemia model (Jensen et al., 1994). In this...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the biochemical and physiological functions of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). Quinoproteins are distributed widely among prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The prosthetic group of copper-containing amine oxidases from mammals, plants, and microorganism...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the properties, distribution, and biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ). PQQ is an essential cofactor for several key enzymes in physiological processes in mammals. Development of inhibitors specifically directed to PQQ might reveal the role of PQ...

A new method for the determination of pyrroloquinoline quinone by capillary zone electrophoresis has been developed. Separation conditions have been optimised with the respect to different parameters including pH and ionic strength of the background electrolyte, separation voltage and temperatur...

The effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and PQQ-oxazole (PQQ-glycine adduct) on DNA synthesis were examined using cultured human fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were cultured in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media, and various concentrations of PQQ and PQQ-oxazole wer...