Platinum

 Platinum (CAS NO.7440-06-4) occurs naturally in the alluvial sands of various rivers, though there is little evidence of its use by ancient peoples. However, the metal was used by pre-Columbian Americans near modern-day Esmeraldas, Ecuador to produce artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy.
The first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger as a description of an unknown noble metal found between Darién and Mexico, "which no fire nor any Spanish artifice has yet been able to liquefy."
In 1750, after studying the platinum sent to him by Wood, Brownrigg presented a detailed account of the metal to the Royal Society, mentioning that he had seen no mention of it in any previous accounts of known minerals. Brownrigg also made note of platinum's extremely high melting point and refractoriness toward borax. Other chemists across Europe soon began studying platinum, including Torbern Bergman, J?ns Jakob Berzelius, William Lewis, and Pierre Macquer. In 1752, Henrik Scheffer published a detailed scientific description of the metal, which he referred to as "white gold", including an account of how he succeeded in fusing platinum ore with the aid of arsenic. Scheffer described platinum as being less pliable than gold, but with similar resistance to corrosion.
Carl von Sickingen researched platinum extensively in 1772. He succeeded in making malleable platinum by alloying it with gold, dissolving the alloy in aqua regia, precipitating the platinum with ammonium chloride, igniting the ammonium chloroplatinate, and hammering the resulting finely divided platinum to make it cohere. Franz Karl Achard made the first platinum crucible in 1784. He worked with the platinum by fusing it with arsenic, then later volatilizing the arsenic.
In 1786, Charles III of Spain provided a library and laboratory to Pierre-Fran?ois Chabaneau to aid in his research of platinum. Chabaneau succeeded in removing various impurities from the ore, including gold, mercury, lead, copper, and iron. This led him to believe that he was working with a single metal, but in truth the ore still contained the yet-undiscovered platinum group metals.
From 1875 to 1960 the SI unit of length was defined as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of ninety percent platinum and ten percent iridium, measured at 0 degrees Celsius.
In 2007 Gerhard Ertl won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the detailed molecular mechanisms of the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum.

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

OSHA PEL: TWA (metal) 1 mg/m³; (soluble salts as Pt) 0.002 mg/m³
ACGIH TLV: TWA (metal) 1 mg/m³; (soluble salts as Pt) 0.002 mg/m³
DFG MAK: 0.002 mg/m³
NIOSH REL: (Platinum (as Pt), metal) TWA 1 mg/m³; (Platinum (as Pt), soluble salts): TWA 0.002 mg/m³

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Elements (ICP) 7300; Metals in Urine (ICP) 8310.

The Platinum, with the CAS registry number 7440-06-4, is also known as Platinum, metal. It belongs to the product categories of Inorganics; Electrode Materials Metal and Ceramic Science; Alternative Energy; Metal and Ceramic Science; Metals; Platinum; Nanoparticles: Metals and Metal AlloysChemical Synthesis; PlatinumNanomaterials; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Materials Science; Nanomaterials; Nanopowders and Nanoparticle Dispersions; Chemical Synthesis; Fuel Cell Catalysts Chemical Synthesis; Chloride Alphabetic; PER - POLASpectroscopy; AA Standard Solutions Spectroscopy; AAS; Matrix Selection; P; Reference/Calibration Standards; Single Solution; Standard Solutions; Fuel Cell Catalysts. Its EINECS registry number is 231-116-1. Its IUPAC name is called platinum. This chemical's classification code is Tumor data.

Physical properties of Platinum: (1)H-Bond Donor: 0; (2)H-Bond Acceptor: 0; (3)Rotatable Bond Count: 0; (4)Exact Mass: 194.964774; (5)MonoIsotopic Mass: 194.964774; (6)Topological Polar Surface Area: 0; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (8)Formal Charge: 0; (9)Complexity: 0; (10)Isotope Atom Count: 0; (11)Defined Atom StereoCenter Count: 0; (12)Undefined Atom StereoCenter Count: 0; (13)Defined Bond StereoCenter Count: 0; (14)Undefined Bond StereoCenter Count: 0; (15)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.

Preparation: this chemical can be prepared by platinum ore by dry in industry. This reaction will need copper, nickel sulfide ores and NH₄Cl.

Uses of Platinum: it can be used to make jewelry, wire, laboratory containers, thermocouples, resistance to corrosion of equipment, dental materials. Besides, platinum powder can be used as catalyst. It can also be used as catalyst, oxidizer and gas absorbent. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
This chemical may cause inflammation to the skin or other mucous membranes and may cause damage to health. It is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Whenever you will contact it, please wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Pt]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Pt
(3)InChIKey: BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N