Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphotungstic acid; sodium tetrahydroborate In methanol | 100% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate; sodium hydroxide In water at 35℃; for 0.416667h; pH=12; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry; | 99% |
antimony(III) chloride; aluminium In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1h; Ambient temperature; | 98% |
3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl ethanoate
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In methanol Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In methanol at 25℃; for 0.166667h; | 99% |
With methanol at 80℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 99% |
With methanol; oxo[hexa(trifluoroacetato)]tetrazinc for 12h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-1-triphenylmethoxy-2,6-octadiene
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With naphthalene; lithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 1.5h; | 99% |
geranyl 2-tetrahydropyranyl ether
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dimethylbromosulphonium bromide In methanol; dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; | 98% |
Nafion-H In methanol for 6h; | 97% |
With lithium perchlorate at 55℃; Product distribution; acid catalyst generated by electrolysis; | 96% |
geraniol tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Decaborane In tetrahydrofuran; methanol at 20℃; for 1h; | 98% |
With iron(III) chloride In methanol at 20℃; for 0.5h; | 96% |
With iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate hexahydrate In methanol at 20℃; for 2.25h; chemoselective reaction; | 86% |
{[(2E)-3.7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl]oxy}(triethyl)silane
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
10percent Pd/C In methanol at 20℃; for 2h; | 98% |
C25H32O3
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ethanol; copper(ll) bromide at 20℃; for 0.5h; | 98% |
O-(trans-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)trimethylsilane
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Tetrabutyl-1,3-diisothiocyanato-distannoxane In methanol for 16h; Ambient temperature; | 95% |
1,3-di(NCS)-tetrabutyldistannoxane In methanol for 16h; Ambient temperature; Deprotection of silyl ethers; | 95% |
With water; aluminium In hexane for 0.0833333h; Ambient temperature; | 90% |
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tert.-butyl lithium In tetrahydrofuran; pentane at -78℃; for 0.5h; | 95% |
ethyl (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoate
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In hexane at -70 - 10℃; | 92% |
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In tetrahydrofuran | 72% |
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride Yield given; | |
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 22℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In diethyl ether; hexane at -78℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; |
geranyl benzyl ether
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium; ethylenediamine In tetrahydrofuran at -10℃; for 3.33333h; | 92% |
2-{(E)-2-[((E)-3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyloxy)-dimethyl-silanyl]-vinyl}-phenol
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Irradiation; | 91% |
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanol; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In tetrahydrofuran at 70℃; for 24h; deprotection of alcoholic OH; | 91% |
3-{(E)-2-[((E)-3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyloxy)-diisopropyl-silanyl]-vinyl}-naphthalen-2-ol
A
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol for 0.75h; Irradiation; | A 90% B 91% |
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanol In dichloromethane at 10℃; for 0.5h; Product distribution; Irradiation; | 90% |
In methanol; dichloromethane desilylation; Photolysis; | 90% |
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium; ethylenediamine In tetrahydrofuran at -10℃; for 2h; | 88% |
Maltose
Nerol
A
Geraniol
B
geranyl α-D-glucopyranoside
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Agrobacterium sp. M-12 cell extract In aq. phosphate buffer at 40℃; for 72h; pH=7; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Enzymatic reaction; | A n/a B n/a C 87.6% |
A
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol for 1.75h; Decomposition; Irradiation; | A 84% B 60% |
(E)-1-(1-((3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy)methyl)-4-methoxybenzene
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone In dichloromethane; water for 1h; Ambient temperature; | 81.9% |
With lithium; ethylenediamine In tetrahydrofuran at -10℃; for 4h; | 55% |
With dimethylsulfide; magnesium bromide In dichloromethane for 8h; Ambient temperature; | 35% |
With N1,N1,N12,N12-tetramethyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:2,1'-c][1,4]diazepine-2,12-diamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 72h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; UV-irradiation; | 10% |
(E)-Geranyl chloroacetate
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tetrahydroborate In ethanol at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 80% |
2-{(E)-2-[((E)-3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyloxy)-diisopropyl-silanyl]-vinyl}-phenol
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Irradiation; | 75% |
{[(2E)-3.7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl]oxy}(triethyl)silane
A
3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
B
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 0.75h; | A 73.6% B 24.4% |
1-((E)-3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyloxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-benzene
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate In water; acetonitrile at 0℃; for 0.5h; Product distribution; different reagents, times, solvents, temperatures and catalyst; | 73% |
(E)-1-(((3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy)methyl)-2-methoxybenzene
A
Geraniol
B
2-methylmethoxybenzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N1,N1,N12,N12-tetramethyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:2,1'-c][1,4]diazepine-2,12-diamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 72h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; UV-irradiation; | A 73% B 23% |
1-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfinylmethyl-7-methylocta-2Z,6-diene
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonia; sodium In diethyl ether at -70℃; for 0.0833333h; | 72% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bis-trimethylsilanyl peroxide; bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 7h; | A 70% B 11% C 3% |
bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium; bis-trimethylsilanyl peroxide In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 7h; | A 70 % Chromat. B 11 % Chromat. C 3 % Chromat. |
bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium; bis-trimethylsilanyl peroxide In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 7h; Product distribution; | A 70 % Chromat. B 11 % Chromat. C 3 % Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium; methyl 3,5-bis((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzoate; oxygen; sodium acetate at 120℃; for 48h; | A 63% B 69% |
1-phenylsulfonyl-2-methyl-4-hydroxy-but-2-ene
3-methyl-2-butenylmagnesium chloride
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
copper acetylacetonate In tetrahydrofuran for 18h; Ambient temperature; | 65% |
2,3,6,7-tetrabromo-3,7-dimethyl-octan-1-ol
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium sulfide; Aliquat 336 In water; benzene for 1h; Ambient temperature; | 64% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; aluminum oxide; copper In isopropyl alcohol at 90℃; for 12h; | 100% |
With hydrogen; polymer-supported rhodium catalyst In dichloromethane under 1551.49 Torr; for 10h; Hydrogenation; | 96% |
With 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; [ruthenium(II)(η6-1-methyl-4-isopropyl-benzene)(chloride)(μ-chloride)]2; Butane-1,4-diol; potassium tert-butylate at 110℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 71% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With pyridine In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; Acetylation; | 100% |
With pyridine; dmap at 20℃; for 1h; Acetylation; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus tribromide In diethyl ether at 0℃; for 2h; | 100% |
With phosphorus tribromide In diethyl ether at 0℃; for 0.166667h; | 100% |
With titanium(IV) bromide; N-methylaniline In dichloromethane at -23℃; for 1h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With titanium tetrachloride; N-methylaniline In dichloromethane at -23℃; for 1h; | 100% |
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; potassium carbonate In Petroleum ether at 0℃; for 2h; | 97% |
With dmap; triethylamine; p-toluenesulfonyl chloride In dichloromethane for 3h; Ambient temperature; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
bis(trimethylsilyl)sulphate In dichloromethane; 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 0℃; for 0.25h; | 100% |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane for 3h; Ambient temperature; | 99.5% |
With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate In dichloromethane at 20℃; | 99% |
Geraniol
[3-methyl-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]methanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrahexylammonium tetrakis(diperoxomolybdo)phosphate In chloroform at 40℃; for 7h; | 100% |
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium In chlorobenzene at 80℃; for 5h; | 100% |
With tetrabutylphosphonium peroxotantalate; dihydrogen peroxide In water at 0℃; for 3.5h; Schlenk technique; regioselective reaction; | 100% |
Geraniol
(2S,3S)-2,3-epoxygeraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With titanium(IV) isopropylate; tert.-butylhydroperoxide; L-(+)-diisopropyl tartrate; 4 A molecular sieve In dichloromethane at -23℃; for 2h; | 100% |
With titanium(IV) isopropylate; tert.-butylhydroperoxide; diethyl (2S,3S)-tartrate In dichloromethane at -40℃; for 5h; Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation; Inert atmosphere; enantioselective reaction; | 99% |
With titanium(IV) isopropylate; tert.-butylhydroperoxide; diethyl (2R,3R)-tartrate In dichloromethane at -25 - -20℃; Molecular sieve; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With manganese(IV) oxide In hexane at 0℃; for 6h; | 100% |
With manganese(IV) oxide | 100% |
With manganese(IV) oxide In hexane at 0℃; for 6h; Product distribution; also with activated MnO2, other substrates; | 100% |
Geraniol
diethyl chlorophosphate
(E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl diethyl phosphate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine In diethyl ether at -15 - 20℃; | 100% |
In pyridine at 0 - 20℃; for 1h; | 98% |
With pyridine In diethyl ether at -15 - 20℃; for 3h; | 94% |
Geraniol
tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride
geraniol tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; | 100% |
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide | 99% |
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide | 98% |
Geraniol
tert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane
(E)-tert-butyl[(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy]diphenylsilane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.25h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Silylation; | 100% |
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; | 100% |
Geraniol
(E)-5-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-3-methylpent-2-en-1-ol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; | 100% |
With urea hydrogen peroxide adduct; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.25h; | 73% |
Stage #1: Geraniol With N-Bromosuccinimide; dimethyl sulfoxide at 10℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In dimethyl sulfoxide at 0℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 60% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dilithium tetra(tert-butyl)zincate In toluene at 0℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With N,N'-bismesityl-imidazol-2-ylidene In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; | 99% |
1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
[Cl(C6F13C2H4)2SnOSn(C2H4C6F13)2Cl]2 In toluene at 150℃; for 16h; | 100% |
Geraniol
phenyl isocyanate
(E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl phenylcarbamate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With MoCl2O2(dmf)2 In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.333333h; | 100% |
In pyridine at 5 - 20℃; for 12h; | 88% |
Stage #1: Geraniol; phenyl isocyanate In toluene for 1h; Heating; Stage #2: With 5-hydroxymethyl-2-norbornene In toluene Heating; Stage #3: With [{1,3-bis(mesyl)imidazolidin-2-yl}RuCl2(PCy3)(=CHPh)] In dichloromethane for 0.5h; Heating; Further stages.; | 78% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [Cl(C6F13C2H4)2SnOSn(C2H4C6F13)2Cl]2 In various solvent(s) at 150℃; for 10h; | 100% |
Stage #1: 3-Phenylpropionic acid With iodine; triphenylphosphine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: With gadolinium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate In dichloromethane at 50℃; for 0.5h; Stage #3: Geraniol In dichloromethane | 71% |
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 16h; | |
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; |
Geraniol
(E)-geranyl-H-phosphinic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0); 9,9-dimethyl-4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene; hypophosphorous acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 85℃; | 100% |
With hypophosphorous acid; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 4,5-bis(diphenylphos4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthenephino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 85℃; |
Geraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide In chloroform for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Reflux; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B at 50℃; for 4h; Molecular sieve; Ionic liquid; Green chemistry; Enzymatic reaction; | 99.9% |
With hydroquinone at 120℃; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; | 99.2% |
With 1,3-propanesultone; N-ethyl-N-methylbutan-1-amine; toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 110℃; for 2h; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B at 50℃; for 4h; Molecular sieve; Ionic liquid; Green chemistry; Enzymatic reaction; | 99.9% |
With sodium hydroxide at 80℃; for 8h; | 66.94% |
In hexane at 30℃; for 72h; Corynebacterium sp. S-401; | 23% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B at 50℃; for 4h; Molecular sieve; Ionic liquid; Green chemistry; Enzymatic reaction; | 99.6% |
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 0 - 23℃; for 0.5h; | 90% |
In hexane at 30℃; for 72h; Corynebacterium sp. S-401; | 13% |
In water at 30℃; for 18h; lipase from Aspergillus niger; Yield given; | |
With candida antarctica B (CALB) lipase immobilized in polyurethane (PU) foam Enzymatic reaction; |
(phenylthio)acetic acid chloride
Geraniol
3,7-dimethyl-2(E),6-octadienyl (phenylthio)acetate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine In dichloromethane for 3h; | 99.3% |
Geraniol
pivaloyl chloride
(E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl pivalate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; 1H-imidazole at 20℃; for 1h; | 99% |
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
Geraniol
3-methylbut-3-enoyl chloride
(E)-geranyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at -78℃; for 3h; | 99% |
With pyridine In diethyl ether for 1.5h; | 86% |
Geraniol
(+/-)-2,3-epoxygeraniol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; V(IV)O(salen derivative) In carbon dioxide; water at 45℃; under 165487 Torr; for 48h; | 99% |
With dihydrogen peroxide; W2O11(2-)*2Ph3PCH2Ph(1+) In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 0℃; for 24h; | 98% |
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; chromium silicalite-2 In methanol at 65℃; for 5h; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; dmap In diethyl ether for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 99% |
Stage #1: Geraniol; benzoyl chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; Stage #2: With poly{trans-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-di(chlorocarbonyl)} In dichloromethane Heating; | 94% |
With pyridine; dmap In diethyl ether for 2h; Ambient temperature; Yield given; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane In dichloromethane | 99% |
With tributylphosphine In dichloromethane for 0.05h; Ambient temperature; | 91% |
3,3-Dimethylacryloyl chloride
Geraniol
(E)-geranyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at -78℃; for 3h; | 99% |
Geraniol, with the CAS registry number 106-24-1, is also named as 3,7-Dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadien-1-ol. The product's categories are Acyclic Monoterpenes; Biochemistry; Terpenes, and the other registry number is 8007-13-4. Besides, it is colourless to pale yellow liquid with an odour of roses, which should be sealed in brown glass bottles in cool and dark place at 2-8 °C. It can react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. In addition, it is stable and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Physical properties about Geraniol are: (1)ACD/LogP: 3.279; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 3.28; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 3.28; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 182.88; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 182.88; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1448.34; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1448.34; (8)#H bond acceptors: 1; (9)#H bond donors: 1; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 5; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.471; (12)Molar Refractivity: 49.714 cm3; (13)Molar Volume: 177.941 cm3; (14)Polarizability: 19.708 10-24cm3; (15)Surface Tension: 29.1669998168945 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 0.867 g/cm3; (17)Flash Point: 76.667 °C; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 54.187 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: 229.499 °C at 760 mmHg; (20)Vapour Pressure: 0.0130000002682209 mmHg at 25°C;
Preparation of Geraniol: It can be obtained by separation of the plant essential oil. Additionally, this chemical can be prepared by 3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienal.
This reaction needs BER and Methanol at temperature of 25 °C. The reaction time is 3 hours. The yield is 90 %.
Uses of Geraniol: This chemical is commonly used in perfumes. It is also used in flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. And it is used as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes to improve their flavor. Besides, it is an effective plant-based mosquito repellent. Furthermore, it can be used to produce Neryl benzyl ether.
This reaction needs NaH and Tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature for 6 hours. The yield is 70 %.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. In case of contact with eyes, please rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. And you should wear suitable protective clothing. Moreover, you should avoid contact with skin and eyes.
People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7+;
(2)InChIKey=GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N;
(3)SmilesC(\CC\C=C(\C)C)(=C\CO)C;
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mouse | LD50 | intramuscular | 4gm/kg (4000mg/kg) | Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Section C: Biological Sciences. Vol. 21, Pg. 342, 1962. | |
mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 1090mg/kg (1090mg/kg) | PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE | Sapporo Igaku Zasshi. Sapporo Medical Journal. Vol. 3, Pg. 73, 1952. |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | > 5gm/kg (5000mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 881, 1974. | |
rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 58, Pg. 394, 1962. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 3600mg/kg (3600mg/kg) | SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: COMA | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964. |
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