Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With HCl In tetrahydrofuran gaseous HCl was condensed into soln. of La complex in THF to result in a formation of finely dispersed ppt.; ppt. of CuCl sepd. by centrifugation, washed with water under Ar, driedin vacuo at 50°; aq. soln. evapd. to dryness to give LaCl3; products identified by elem. anal.; | A 96.8% B 99% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: H2O; Schlenk techniques; heating La compd. under vacuum (1E-3 Torr); | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride metal oxide treated with 1:1 hydrochloric acid; soln. filtered, evapd. to dryness, crystals dried in vaccum dessicator over CaCl2; | 85% |
In hydrogenchloride soln. evapd., dissolved (distd. water), again evapd. and dissolved (distd. water; pH adjusted to 5; | |
In hydrogenchloride |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In gas byproducts: CO; by chlorination-chem. vapor transport react.; mixt. of Er2O3 and La2O3 with carbon and KCl (1:1:6:1 at. ratio) placed in alumina reactor and chlorinated with dry Cl2 (20 cm**3/min) at 800 K for 2 h; gas replace by Ar:Cl2 at 800-1300 K; detn. of separation factor; | A 36.89% B 24.85% |
B
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Al2Cl6 prepd. from Al and Cl2; in Duran tube, at 500°C (Cl2); chemical vapour phase transport with Al2Cl6 from 500 to 400°C, 24 h; | A n/a B 8% |
Kinetics; 622-793 K; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
in inert gas at 200-400°C; quant. reaction requires a fourfold excess of NH4Cl; | >99 |
In neat (no solvent) absence of moisture; large excess NH4Cl, evacuated quartz tube, 500-600 K; sublimation off of excess NH4Cl (vac., 700 K); | |
In not given byproducts: NH3, H2O; reaction at 650 K; sublimation at 1300 K for 8 h; |
hydrogenchloride
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride mixed, decompn.; | |
In not given purified twice by sublimation in Ta tube; | |
La2O3 reacted with HCl and NH4Cl; dried under dynamic vac., sublimed; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With NH4Cl In neat (no solvent) heating of LaCl3*99H2O in the presence of NH4Cl (Handbuch der preparativen anorganischen Chemie, Herausg. G. Brauer, Studgardt, 1975); |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether under inert gas, ether - acid drying, finally dried at 190 °C under vacuum; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride reaction of the oxide with HCl gas at 274-600°C; | |
With hydrogenchloride In hydrogenchloride La2O3 dissolved in concd. HCl; soln. evapd., residual chloride purified by high-temperature react. with NH4Cl (J.Kutscher and A.Schneider, Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem., 389 (1972) 157); | |
With ammonium chloride In hydrogenchloride mixture was coprecipitated and subsequently heated at 700 K in vacuum; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 300°C, 1-2 d, sealed tube; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) passing stream of COCl2 over La2O3 at 600 °C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) absence of moisture; large excess AlCl3, evacuated quartz tube, 573 K; fractional sublimation over 450 to 650 K gradient, removal of residual AlCl3 on heating in Cl2/N2 stream; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
La2O3 reacts partially to the chloride on heating with CCl4 in a sealed glass ampoule at 400°C and 100 atm.; | |
In neat (no solvent) passing steam of CCl4 over La2O3 at 330 °C;; | |
La2O3 reacts partially to the chloride on heating with CCl4 in a sealed glass ampoule at 400°C and 100 atm.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In solid byproducts: CO; at 800°C for 2 h; | |
at 650°C, in presence of CO; | |
With aluminium trichloride; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) chlorinating of rare earth/carbon (molar ration 3/1) mixt. (Cl2 flow rate 20 ml/min, 800 K, 2 h), heating in CO/HCl flow (800-1200 K), chemical vapor transport (AlCl3, 1300 K, 6 h, CO carrier gas, 40 ml/min); atomic emission spectrometric monitoring; | |
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; chlorination of La2O3 under Ar/Cl2 was studied at temp. range 260-950°C; TGA, XRD, elem. anal. (EDAX); |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; equilibrium at 200 - 300°C;; | |
at 400°C, equilibrium reaction; |
lanthanum
chromium(III) chloride
A
chromium
B
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt exchange reaction (KCl/NaCl melt, 1073 K); |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With thionyl chloride In thionyl chloride byproducts: sulfur dioxide, HCl; mixture was refluxed with an excess SOCl2 until SO2 and HCl evolution had stopped, then the remaining SOCl2 was disd. off; LaCl3 was dried in vac.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride sample digesting repeatedly with concd. acid; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In neat (no solvent) charged in vessel-shaped crucible, put into silica glass tube in resistance furnace, sintered at 200-230°C for 6-7 h in dried HCl, the furnace cooled; | |
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) dehydrating at 190°C for 24 h under vac.; | |
With NH4Cl In melt mixt. of LaCl3*7H2O and NH4Cl (1:8 molar ratio) heated to 120, 200 and 340°C and kept for 3 h at each temp.; |
B
lanthanum(III) chloride
C
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) thermic decomposition;; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; sample heating in thermal analyser in N2 at 20 K/min up to 800°C; TG, DTG; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With air In neat (no solvent) byproducts: HCl; thermal decompn. in air, in a Pt-crucible, above 300°C; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating in quartz ampoule under vacuum (5E-3 Torr) to 250°C (1°C/min); |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C; | |
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C; | |
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C; | |
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating in sealed ampoule for 10 d, temp.gradient T1: 1000°C, T2: 1100°C; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With HCl In hydrogenchloride byproducts: H2O; decompn. in HCl soln.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: H2S, H2; | |
byproducts: H2S, H2; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; N2 atmosphere; heating to 600°C (10 K/min); |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) stoich. mixt. sealed in Ta tubes under Ar; Ta tubes sealed in silica ampoules (1E-2 mbar); heated (900°C, 20 d); | 100% |
N-hydroxy-N-phenyl-nicotinamide
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:1); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 99.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) all operations under Ar; stoich. mixt. of compd. and elements sealed in Ta tube, heated at 1050°C for 10 d or at 920°C for 1 d andthen at 1100°C for another 10 d; analyzed by powder XRD; | 99% |
chromium(III) chloride
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NaCl, O2; 800°C (10 min); washing (H2O), filtering; | 99% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given hot soln.; | 99% |
In not given hot soln.; | 99% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide byproducts: KCl, CuCN; (N2); stirring a mixt. of LaCl3 and KCu(CN)2 in DMF at room temp. for 7 d; filtration, evapn., standing for 1 d; elem. anal.; | 99% |
water
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol 1:1 mixt. stirred overnight; evapd. (vac.), elem. anal.; | 99% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
lithium cyanamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: LiCl, LiF, KF; in glove box, under Ar; LaCl3, K2SiF6 and Li2CN2 mixed in appropriate amounts, mixt. heated in sealed (under vac.) quartz ampoule to 550°C within 5 h, held for 3 d at this temp., coold to room temp., opened inair; washed (H2O), rinsed (acetone), dried at 100°C in air, single crystals selected; | 99% |
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: LiF, LiCl, KCl; (Ar); mixing of LaCl3 in mortar together with K2SiF6 and Li2(CN2); placing in quartz glass ampules; evacuating; sealing; heating in furnace to 550°C (5°C/min); heating at this temp. for 2 ds; cooling toroom temp. by switching off furnace; opening the glass ampules in air; washing with H2O; rinsing with EtOH; drying at 100°C in air; |
lanthanum(III) chloride
lithium cyanamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: LiCl, LiF, RbF; in glove box, under Ar; LaCl3, Rb2SiF6 and Li2CN2 mixed in appropriate amounts, mixt. heated in sealed (under vac.) quartz ampoule to 550°C within 5 h, held for 3 d at this temp., coold to room temp., opened in air; washed (H2O), rinsed (acetone), dried at 100°C in air, single crystals selected; | 99% |
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: LiF, LiCl, RbCl; (Ar); mixing of LaCl3 in mortar together with Rb2SiF6 and Li2(CN2); placing in quartz glass ampules; evacuating; sealing; heating in furnace to 550°C (5°C/min); heating at this temp. for 2 ds; cooling to room temp. by switching off furnace; opening the glass ampules in air; washing with H2O; rinsing with EtOH; drying at 100°C in air; |
pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde bis-4-bromobenzohydrazone
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol elem. anal.; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol Schlenk techniques; dissolution La compd. in CH3OH, stirring for 10 min or 24 h; slow evapn., isolation of crystals; | 99% |
(CH2CH2NCH2COOH)2(CH2CH2NCH2CON(C2H5)C9H3O2(CH3)2)(CH2CH2NCH2CCH)
lanthanum(III) chloride
La(CH2CH2NCH2COO)2(CH2CH2NCH2CON(C2H5)C9H3O2(CH3)2)(CH2CH2NCH2CCH)(1+)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol cyclen deriv. dissolved in MeOH, then LaCl3 added, heated at 45°Cfor 24 h; concd. to half vol., added to large amt. of Et2O; ppt. collected by centrifugation; solid dissolved in MeOH, pptd. with Et2O; dried under vac. for 24 h; | 99% |
N-furoylphenylhydroxylamine
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:2); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 98.7% |
C6H5N(OH)C(O)CH(NH2)C6H5
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:1); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 98.1% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether Ar-atmosphere; dropwise addn. of 3 equiv. of Li-compd. to LaCl3 (-78°C), stirring (-78°C, 8 h, then room temp., 84 h); solvent removal, stirring (pentane, 1 h), filtration, concn., crystn. (4°C), washing (pentane), recrystn. (pentane); elem. anal.; | 98% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water ligand added to aq. soln. of metal salt with stirring; mixt. stirred for1 h at room temp.; filtered; washed (hot water); dried at 30°C for 2 ds; | 98% |
C6H5N(OH)C(O)CH(NH2)C6H5
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:2); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 97.1% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
copper (I) tert-butoxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: LiCl; all operations in sealed evacuated tubes with thoroughly dried and degassed solvents; mixt. of t-BuOCu and LaCl3 in THF was stirred at 60°C for 20 h; ppt. of CuCl sepd. by centrifugation; soln. evapd.; identified by elem.anal., NMR and IR spectra; | A 96.9% B 89.1% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
N-hydroxy-N-phenylisonicotinamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:1); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 96.7% |
N-hydroxy-N-phenyl-nicotinamide
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:2); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 96.1% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
N-hydroxy-N-phenylisonicotinamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:2); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 95.7% |
N-furoylphenylhydroxylamine
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; water byproducts: HCl; mixing hot soln. of hydroxamic acid (aq. alcohol) with metal salt soln. (water) (ratio metal:ligand = 1:1); refluxing on a water-bath, 4-6h; cooling; filtration; drying (desiccator); elem. anal.; | 95.4% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With La In neat (no solvent) byproducts: LiCl; under Ar; mixing stoich. amt. of Li3(BN2), LaCl3, Li3N and excess La, added in Ta-ampoule (under Ar), sealed in a quartz tube in vac., heating at 950°C for 3 days, cooled to room temp (1 K/min); LiCl removed by ethanol; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water dropwise addn. of soln. of Ln-salt to soln. of ligand salt (pptn.), stirring (0.5 h); filtration, washing (H2O), drying (vac. desiccator); elem. anal.; | 95% |
water
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In methanol addn. of metal salt to a soln. of ligand and K2CO3 in methanol, stirringovernight at room temp.; evapn., extn. with isopropanol, filtration, evapn. in vac.; elem. anal.; | 94% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
sodium hydroxide
4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water stoich. amts.; addn. of LaCl3 to mixt. of ligand and NaOH, stirring (room temp., 3 h); filtration, desalting (electrodialysis), pH-adjustment to 6.5 (NaOH), evapn. (vac.), drying (2 kPa, 50°C, over P2O5); elem. anal.; | 93% |
tetrahydrofuran
lanthanum(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: KCl; in a nitrogen glovebox, LaCl3 (1.79 mmol) and K(C5Me4(i)Pr) (3.58 mmol) were stirred in THF for 24 h; in silylated glassware; the resulting slurry was filtered; the solvent was removed under vac. from soln.; elem. anal.; | 92% |
lanthanum(III) chloride
2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone isonicotinoyl hydrazone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With NaOH In methanol; water addn. of soln. of 0.05 mmol of LaCl3 (prepd. by dissolving La2O3 in a stoich. amt. of 1:1 HCl and evapg.) in CH3OH to soln. of C14H10F3N3O2S (1.5 mmol) and NaOH (1.5 mmol) in 1:1 aq. CH3OH; stirring for 0.5 h;; pptn.; filtering, washing with aq. CH3OH and drying in vac. desiccator over molecular sieve; elem. anal.;; | 92% |
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.
The Lanthanum(III) chloride, with the CAS registry number 10099-58-8,is also known as Lanthanum chloride,anhydrous. It belongs to the product categories of Inorganics;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis. This chemical's molecular formula is LaCl3 and molecular weight is 245.26.Its EINECS number is 233-237-5. What's more,Its systematic name is Lanthanum chloride. It is a white powder or colourless crystals.And it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .When you use it ,wear suitable protective clothing .In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
Physical properties about Lanthanum(III) chloride are:
(1)ACD/LogP: 0; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.00; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.00; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (7)#H bond acceptors: 0; (8)#H bond donors: 0; (9)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (10)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 16.15 kJ/mol; (11)Vapour Pressure: 33900 mmHg at 25°C.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES:Cl[La](Cl)Cl;
(2)Std. InChI:InChI=1S/3ClH.La/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3;
(3)Std. InChIKey:ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K.
Uses of Lanthanum(III) chloride:
Lanthanum(III) chloride can be used to remove phosphates in swimming pools, which helps prevent algae growth. It is also used in biochemical research to block the activity of divalent cation channels, mainly calcium channels. Doped with cerium, it is used as a scintillator material. It is used as a mild Lewis acid to perform chemical reactions that usually require acidic conditions, such as converting aldehydes to acetals, under nearly neutral conditions.
The toxicity data of Lanthanum(III) chloride are as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
frog | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 694mg/kg (694mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. | |
guinea pig | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 129mg/kg (129mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: FOOD INTAKE (ANIMAL) | AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 15, Pg. 9, 1957. |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 121mg/kg (121mg/kg) | Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 256, Pg. 1043, 1963. | |
mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 18mg/kg (18mg/kg) | LIVER: OTHER CHANGES | Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Vol. 13, Pg. 559, 1952. |
mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 2424mg/kg (2424mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. | |
rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 148mg/kg (148mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. | |
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 106mg/kg (106mg/kg) | AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 16, Pg. 475, 1957. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 4184mg/kg (4184mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. | |
rat | LDLo | intravenous | 4mg/kg (4mg/kg) | AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 16, Pg. 475, 1957. |
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