Metronidazole supplier | CasNO.443-48-1

Name
Metronidazole
EINECS 207-136-1
CAS No. 443-48-1
Article Data45
CAS DataBase
Density 1.45 g/cm³
Solubility <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 °C in water
Melting Point 159-161 °C(lit.)
Formula C₆H₉N₃O₃
Boiling Point 405.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 171.156
Flash Point 199 °C
Transport Information
Appearance white to slightly yellow crystalline powder
Safety 36/37-45-53
Risk Codes 40-46-45
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols Xn, T
Synonyms Bexon;Vagilen;1-(2-Hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole;Meronidal;Trikojol;Novonidazol;RP 8823;Eumin;Metronidazole (JP14/USP);Bayer 5360;Trichopol;Trichex;Sanatrichom;Nalox;Trikamon;1-Hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole;Metric 21;Monasin;Giatricol;Orvagil;MTZ;Metronidazol;NIDA;Trichazol;Flagyl;Deflamon;Entizol;2-Methyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitroimidazole;1-(.beta.-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole;Trikozol;1H-Imidazole-1-ethanol,2-methyl-5-nitro-;1-(.beta.-Ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole;Klion;Arilin;Clont;Trimeks;Danizol;Efloran;Methronidazole;Trivazol;Acromona;1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole;Flagesol;Tricocet;Monagyl;Vertisal;Prestwick_334;Klont;Flegyl;Tricowas B;Trichomonacid pharmachim;Trichopal;Trichocide;Flagemona;Trichomol;Metronidaz;1H-Imidazole-1-ethanol, 2-methyl-5-nitro-;1-(β-Ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole;1-(β-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole;NSC-50364;1-(β-Oxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidaz-ole;2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol;
PSA 83.87000
LogP 0.61520

Synthetic route

: 75-21-8
oxirane

: 696-23-1
2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With formic acid; sulfuric acid at 80℃; for 12h; Temperature;	88%
With formic acid at 50 - 60℃; for 0.5h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	74.9%
With phosphoric acid; acetic anhydride In water at 25 - 30℃; for 2.5h; Yield given;
With sulfuric acid; acetic acid at 90℃; for 0.5h; Concentration; Temperature; Cooling;
With formic acid; sulfuric acid Large scale;

: 13182-89-3
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl benzoate

: 65-85-0
benzoic acid

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;	71%

: 73334-05-1
metronidazole phosphate

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With human serum In water at 37℃; human serum hydrolysis of metronidazole phosphate; pH dependence of solubility of metronidazole and metronidazole phosphate;

: 89218-56-4
glycine ester of metronidaxole

A: 443-48-1
metronidazole

B: 56-40-6
glycine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aqueous buffer Rate constant; pHs 0.83-8.82, half-life times for the hydrolysis, also in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.55), Jones medium (pH 6.69) and Kupferberg medium (pH 6.11);

: 98204-35-4
leucine ester of metronidaxole

A: 61-90-5
L-leucine

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aqueous buffer Rate constant; pHs 0.83-8.82, half-life times for the hydrolysis, also in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.55), Jones medium (pH 6.69) and Kupferberg medium (pH 6.11);

: 98204-36-5
phenylalanine ester of metronidaxole

A: 63-91-2
L-phenylalanine

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aqueous buffer Rate constant; pHs 0.83-8.82, half-life times for the hydrolysis, also in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.55), Jones medium (pH 6.69) and Kupferberg medium (pH 6.11);

: 145615-34-5
metronidazole glycyl glycinate hydrochloride

A: 106-57-0
Glycine anhydride

B: 556-50-3
glycylglycine

C: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aqueous buffer Rate constant; pHs 0.83-8.82, half-life times for the hydrolysis, also in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.55), Jones medium (pH 6.69) and Kupferberg medium (pH 6.11);

...Expand

: 145615-35-6
metronidazole glycyl phenylalaninate hydrochloride

A: 3321-03-7
Gly-Phe-OH

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

C: 5037-75-2, 10125-07-2, 23927-19-7
cyclo(Gly-Phe)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aqueous buffer Rate constant; pHs 0.83-8.82, half-life times for the hydrolysis, also in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.55), Jones medium (pH 6.69) and Kupferberg medium (pH 6.11);

...Expand

: C6H9N3O3(1-)

A: 443-48-1
metronidazole

B: 2-(2-Methyl-5-nitroso-imidazol-1-yl)-ethanol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water at 20℃; under 735.5 Torr; Rate constant; also in the presence of enzymes or cellular extracts with nitroreductase, oxygen reductase, superoxide dismutase or nitrite raductase activity, variation of pH; also the radical anion of 5-nitro-2-furaldoxime;
In water at 20℃; under 735.5 Torr; Rate constant; also in the presence of a copper oxidase (laccase or ceruloplasmin); also the radical anion of misonidazole;

: glycine ester of metronidaxole hydrochloride

A: 443-48-1
metronidazole

B: 56-40-6
glycine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium chloride at 25℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis; pH 4.5; other pH, buffers;
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis;

: alanine ester of metronidaxole hydrochloride

A: 56-41-7
L-alanin

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium chloride at 25℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis; pH 4.5; other pH, buffers;
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis;

: valine ester of metronidaxole hydrochloride

A: 72-18-4
L-valine

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium chloride at 25℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis; pH 4.5; other pH, buffers;
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis;

: isoleucine ester of metronidaxole hydrochloride

A: 73-32-5
L-isoleucine

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis;
With sodium chloride at 25℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis; pH 4.5; other pH, buffers;

: leucine ester of metronidaxole hydrochloride

A: 61-90-5
L-leucine

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium chloride at 25℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis; pH 4.5; other pH, buffers;
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis;

: lysine ester of metronidaxole hydrochloride

A: 56-87-1
L-lysine

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium chloride at 25℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis; pH 4.5; other pH, buffers;
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis;

: phenylalanine ester of metronidaxole hydrochloride

A: 63-91-2
L-phenylalanine

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium chloride at 25℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis; pH 4.5; other pH, buffers;
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; rate constant of hydrolysis;

: 13182-89-3
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl benzoate

A: 443-48-1
metronidazole

B: 65-85-0
benzoic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; var. temp., ΔH(excit.), ΔS)(excit.);

: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl 4-formylbenzoate

A: 619-66-9
4-Carboxybenzaldehyde

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; var. temp., ΔH(excit.), ΔS)(excit.);

: 203124-48-5
2-Formyl-benzoic acid 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl ester

A: 443-48-1
metronidazole

B: 119-67-5
o-carboxybenzaldehyde

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant; Mechanism;

: 3-[2-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one

A: 443-48-1
metronidazole

B: 119-67-5
o-carboxybenzaldehyde

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; var. temp., ΔH(excit.), ΔS)(excit.);

: 2-Acetyl-benzoic acid 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl ester

A: 577-56-0
2-acetyl-benzoic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; var. temp., ΔH(excit.), ΔS)(excit.);

: 2,6-Diformyl-benzoic acid 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl ester

A: 203124-57-6
2,6-diformylbenzoic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant;

: 3-[2-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethoxy]-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-4-carbaldehyde

A: 203124-57-6
2,6-diformylbenzoic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; var. temp., ΔH(excit.), ΔS)(excit.);

: 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoro-acetyl)-benzoic acid 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl ester

A: 443-48-1
metronidazole

B: 203124-56-5
2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)benzoic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; var. temp., ΔH(excit.), ΔS)(excit.);

: 2-(2-Oxo-2-phenyl-acetyl)-benzoic acid 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl ester

A: 3839-29-0
α,α'-dioxo-bibenzyl-2-carboxylic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 30℃; Rate constant;

: 13357-09-0
succinic acid bis-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl] ester

A: 110-15-6
succinic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

C: 13182-87-1
4-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With phosphate buffer pH 7.4 In methanol; water at 37℃; Rate constant; var. pH, also in human plasma, Wistar rat liver homogenate;

...Expand

: 206362-19-8
phthalic acid bis-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl] ester

A: 88-99-3
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

C: 126613-32-9
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With phosphate buffer pH 7.4 In methanol; water at 37℃; Rate constant; var. pH, also in human plasma, Wistar rat liver homogenate;

...Expand

: Pentanedioic acid bis-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl] ester

A: 110-94-1
1,5-pentanedioic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

C: 5-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]-5-oxopentanoic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With phosphate buffer pH 7.4 In methanol; water at 37℃; for 48h; Rate constant; Kinetics; var. pH, also in human plasma, Wistar rat liver homogenate;

...Expand

: Hexanedioic acid bis-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl] ester

A: 124-04-9
Adipic acid

B: 443-48-1
metronidazole

C: Hexanedioic acid mono-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl] ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With phosphate buffer pH 7.4 In methanol; water at 37℃; Rate constant; Kinetics; var. pH, also in human plasma, Wistar rat liver homogenate;

...Expand

: 124-63-0
methanesulfonyl chloride

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 30746-54-4
2-(5-nitro-2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)ethyl methanesulfonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;	100%
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 10 - 20℃; for 4h;	97%
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;	97.5%

: 358-23-6
trifluoromethylsulfonic anhydride

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-yl)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at -10 - 20℃;	99.1%

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 13182-81-5
1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With thionyl chloride at 0 - 50℃; for 2h;	99%
With thionyl chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃;	96%
With thionyl chloride for 3h; Heating;	90%

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 76-05-1
trifluoroacetic acid

: C6H9N3O3*C2HF3O2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 65℃; for 0.25h;	99%

: 543-90-8
cadmium(II) acetate

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: C6H9N3O3*2C2H3O2(1-)*Cd(2+)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	99%

: zinc bis(2-methylphenoxyacetate)

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: C6H9N3O3*2C9H9O3(1-)*Zn(2+)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	99%

: zinc bis(2-methylphenoxyacetate)

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 4C6H9N3O3*Zn(2+)*2C9H9O3(1-)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	99%

: 2C9H9O3(1-)*Ca(2+)

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 2C6H9N3O3*Ca(2+)*2C9H9O3(1-)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	99%

: 373-02-4, 14998-37-9, 33025-09-1, 94044-50-5, 98268-31-6
nickel diacetate

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: C6H9N3O3*2C2H3O2(1-)*Ni(2+)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	99%

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 60-23-1
Cysteamine

: 78949-89-0
4-<(2-aminoethyl)thio>-2-methylimidazole-1-ethanol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With pH 5.0 In water at 37℃; for 120h;	98%
With pH 5.0 at 37℃; for 120h; Product distribution; Mechanism; other reaction conditions;

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole hydrochloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With thionyl chloride In chloroform at 20℃; for 12h;	98%
With thionyl chloride In benzene for 2h; Heating;

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 530-62-1
1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole

: 877865-57-1
metronidazole imidazolide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	98%
In dichloromethane at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 12h;	7.32 g

: zinc(II) 4-chlorophenylsulfanylacetate

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: C6H9N3O3*2C8H6ClO2S(1-)*Zn(2+)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	98%

: Mn(2+)*2C8H7O4(1-)

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 2C6H9N3O3*Mn(2+)*2C8H7O4(1-)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	98%

: 557-34-6
zinc diacetate

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 2C6H9N3O3*2C2H3O2(1-)*Zn(2+)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20 - 40℃;	98%

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 1-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium fluoride; 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-fluoroimidazolium tetrafluoroborate In 1,4-dioxane at 40℃; for 17h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube;	98%
Stage #1: metronidazole With copper(l) chloride; diisopropyl-carbodiimide at 60℃; for 1h; Sealed tube; Microwave irradiation; Stage #2: With copper (II)-fluoride In water at 100℃; for 24h; Microwave irradiation;	61%

: 98-88-4
benzoyl chloride

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 13182-89-3
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl benzoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; ammonium hydroxide; N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In chloroform at 5℃; for 3h; pH=9; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Solvent; pH-value;	97.38%
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 20℃;	85.12%
With triethylamine In 1,4-dioxane; chloroform 1.) r.t., 30 min, 2.) reflux, 4 h;

: 108-30-5
succinic acid anhydride

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 13182-87-1
4-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap In acetonitrile for 48h; Ambient temperature;	95%
With pyridine at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Cooling with ice;	95%
With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water at 60℃; for 2h;	94%

: 112-80-1
cis-Octadecenoic acid

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl octadec-9-enoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In chloroform at 20℃;	95%
With dmap; N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide In dichloromethane for 4h; Esterification;	72%

: 10025-99-7
potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II)

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 84431-30-1
cis-Pt(metronidazole)2Br2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With KBr In water 20-fold excess of KBr added to aq. soln. of K2(PtCl4), added solid ligand, stirred at 50 °C for 1 h; ppt. filtered, washed with EtOH/Et2O, Et2O, dried in vac.; elem. anal.;	95%

: 112-38-9
10-undecenoic acid

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl undec-10-enoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In chloroform at 20℃;	95%

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 4-cyano-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium trifluoromethansulfonate

: 4-(2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)benzonitrile

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: metronidazole With potassium hexamethylsilazane In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: 4-cyano-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium trifluoromethansulfonate In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	95%

: pyridine{2-(2,2-bis(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl)-8-quinolinol-C,N,O}palladium(II)

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: metronidazole{2-(2,2-bis(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl)-8-quinolinol-C,N,O}palladium(II)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In benzene byproducts: pyridine; soln. of metronidazole (excess) and Pd compd. in benzene stirred for ca. 12 h at ca. 25 °C; evapn. in vac.; residue chromd. (TLC) on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate;	94.8%

: 98-59-9
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 30575-42-9
toluene-4-sulfonic acid 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 5h;	94%
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 3h;	90%
With pyridine	85%

: 73891-08-4
(9R,12Z )-9-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl 9-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In chloroform at 20℃;	92%

: potassium tetrachloroplatinate

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 85027-01-6, 84431-11-8
Pt(metronidazole)2I2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium iodide In ethanol; water aq. soln. of KI was added to a soln. of Pt-complex in H2O, stirred for 1 min at room temp., a soln. of ligand in EtOH was added, stirred for 30min, stored at ca. 2°C overnight; elem. anal.;	91%

: 10025-99-7
potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II)

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 84151-71-3, 87037-14-7
cis-Pt(metronidazole)2Cl2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water 50°C, 1 h (crystn.); recrystn. (Me2CO/H2O);	91%
In water solid ligand added to aq. soln. of K2(PtCl4), stirred at 50 °C for 1 h; ppt. filtered, washed with EtOH/Et2O, Et2O, dried in vac.; elem. anal.;	90%

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 6058-57-7
1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With carbon tetrabromide; triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 1.75h;	91%
With carbon tetrabromide; triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 1.75h;	91%
With sulfuric acid; ammonium bromide In water at 120℃; for 12h;	87.6%
Stage #1: metronidazole With bromine; phosphorus trichloride In ethyl acetate for 3h; Reflux; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide pH=5 - 6;

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 99-04-7
m-Toluic acid

: 1403815-81-5
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl 3-methylbenzoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;	91%

: 85-44-9
phthalic anhydride

: 443-48-1
metronidazole

: 126613-32-9
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap In acetonitrile Ambient temperature;	90%
With dmap In acetonitrile at 20℃;	87.1%
With dmap In acetonitrile at 20℃;	87.1%
With dmap In acetonitrile

Metronidazole Consensus Reports

NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. IARC Cancer Review: Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 ,1987,p. 250.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 13 ,1977,p. 113.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Metronidazole Analytical Methods

Metronidazole (CAS NO.443-48-1) is a prodrug. It is converted in anaerobic organisms by the redox enzyme pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. The nitro group of metronidazole is chemically reduced by ferredoxin and the products are responsible for disrupting the DNA helical structure, thus inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis. Metronidazole is selectively taken up by anaerobic bacteria and sensitive protozoal organisms because of the ability of these organisms to reduce metronidazole to its active form intracellularly.

Metronidazole Specification

Metronidazole is an antibiotic especially effective against anaerobic infections (infections that grow without the presence of oxygen.) With the CAS NO. 443-48-1, it also can be called Acromona; Anagiardil; Arilin; Atrivyl. It should be stored below 25ºC and protect from light. Metronidazole suppositories should be stored below 20ºC.A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.

Physical properties about Metronidazole are:
(1)ACD/LogP: -0.548; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -0.55; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -0.55; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 12.00 ; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 12.00; (8)#H bond acceptors: 6 ; (9)#H bond donors: 1; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 4; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.612 ; (12)Molar Refractivity: 40.981 cm³; (13)Molar Volume: 117.867 cm³; (14)Polarizability: 16.246 10-24cm³; (15)Surface Tension: 60.4799995422363 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 1.452 g/cm³; (17)Flash Point: 198.975 °C ; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 69.277 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: 405.394 °C at 760 mmHg

Uses of Metronidazole:
Metronidazole is used also as a gel preparation in the treatment of the dermatological conditions such as rosacea (Rozex and MetroGel by Galderma) and fungating tumours (Anabact, Cambridge Healthcare Supplies).

When you are using Metronidazole, please be cautious about it as the following:
1. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves;
2. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible);
3. Avoid exposure - obtain special instruction before use;

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3;
(2)InChIKey=VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
(3)SmilesCc1ncc(n1CCO)[N+](=O)[O-];

The toxiciy data of Metronidazole is as follows:

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
human	TDLo	oral	39600mg/kg/4W (39600mg/kg)	PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SENSORY CHANGE INVOLVING PERIPHERAL NERVE SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CHANGE IN FUNCTION: TASTE BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE	International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research. Vol. 19, Pg. 83, 1999.
man	TDLo	oral	3570ug/kg/D (3.57mg/kg)		JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 193, Pg. 1128, 1965.
man	TDLo	oral	3570ug/kg/D (3.57mg/kg)	LIVER: OTHER CHANGES LIVER: "JAUNDICE, OTHER OR UNCLASSIFIED"	JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 193, Pg. 1128, 1965.
man	TDLo	oral	1030mg/kg/8W (1030mg/kg)	PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN NERVE OR SHEATH PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: PARESTHESIS	British Medical Journal. Vol. 2, Pg. 610, 1977.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	870mg/kg (870mg/kg)		Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. Vol. 42, Pg. 471, 1990.
mouse	LD50	oral	3800mg/kg (3800mg/kg)		Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 20, Pg. 1522, 1977.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	3640mg/kg (3640mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)	Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 8, Pg. 1089, 1974.
rat	LD50	oral	3gm/kg (3000mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS	Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 8, Pg. 1089, 1974.
women	TDLo	intravenous	100mg/kg/5D-I (100mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: TOXIC PSYCHOSIS	American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 154, Pg. 1169, 1997.
women	TDLo	oral	12mg/kg (12mg/kg)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR	British Medical Journal. Vol. 292, Pg. 174, 1986.
women	TDLo	oral	40mg/kg (40mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS"	Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 78, Pg. 627, 1985.

Product Name

Metronidazole

Synthetic route

Metronidazole Consensus Reports

Metronidazole Analytical Methods

Metronidazole Specification

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