Inulin was pyrolyzed in air to produce di-d-fructose dianhydrides (DFDAs) in ∼26% yield, three of which were identified by MS, NMR, and comparison with literature data. The mass spectra of the per-O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of the DFDAs are discussed. A mechanism is proposed for the formation...

The mutarotation of d-fructose in aqueous-ethanolic solutions was studied between 24 and 50 °C. The ethanol:water mass ratios of the solvent were 3:1, 6:1, and 9:1. The principal tautomers found in the solution were β-d-fructopyranose. β-d-fructofuranose, and α-d-fructofuranose, as is found ...

SummaryKetoses are known to react with amino compounds via ketimines to form the so-called Heyns compounds (2-aminoaldoses), which are assumed to undergo subsequent transformations parallel to those observed with the corresponding Amadori compounds. Until now, this assumption was not established...

d-Fructose and 1,10-phenanthroline form complexes with Co(III). Configurations about Co(III) are assigned from the CD and ORD spectra of the separated Λ and Δ diastereomers, and Λ strongly predominates in the mixture. Most of the 1H NMR signals of the complexes are shifted strongly upfield, r...

Isolated hepatocytes from fed rats were exposed for 120 min to d-[1-13C]fructose, d-[2-13C]fructose, or d-[6-13C]fructose in the presence of H2O or D2O. The identification and quantification of 13C-enriched metabolites (d-glucose, l-lactate) in the incubation medium and the measurement of their ...

When liver cells from either normal or hereditarily diabetic rats are exposed to 13C-enriched D-fructose (10 mM) and unlabelled D-glucose (also 10 mM) in the presence of D2O, the output of 13C-enriched D-glucose generated from D-[1-13C]fructose is significantly lower than that from D-[2-13C]fruc...

Three novel co-polyimides containing a sulfone group (pBAPS) were synthesized and characterized in pursuit of gas separation membrane materials with high CO2/CH4 separation performance. The co-polyimides, 6FDA/BTDA-pBAPS (3:1), 6FDA-pBAPS/mPDA (3:1) and 6FDA-pBAPS/DABA (3:1), were identified as ...

A new kind of aromatic unsymmetrical diamine monomer containing thiazole ring, 2-amino-5-[4-(4′-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-thiazole (APPT), was synthesized. A series of novel polyimides were prepared by polycondensation of APPT with various aromatic dianhydrides via one-step process. The resulting po...

4-Aminophenoxy phthalonitrile (APPH) has been synthesized and utilized to catalyze the curing of resorcinol-based phthalonitrile monomer, 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) benzene (BDB), and bisphenol-A-based phthalonitrile monomer, 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)pheny] propane (BDPP). Fourier transfor...

A new kind of asymmetrical ether diamine, 3,4′-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzophenone (BABP), was synthesized from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-chloronitrobenzene and 3,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by catalytic reduction with SnCl2·6H2O and...

Six new optically active poly(amide–imide)s (PAIs) with good inherent viscosities were synthesized from the direct polycondensation reaction of N-trimellitylimido-l-amino acids with 1,2-bis[4-aminophenoxy]ethane by direct polycondensation in a medium consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)/t...

The amine derivative 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenoxy) benzene (TAPOB) was newly synthesized, characterized and evaluated for the first time by weight loss, electrochemical methods and quantum chemical calculation. The inhibition efficiency of TAPOB was as high as 95% according to gravitational method....

Caspase-8, an initiator caspase, plays a vital role in apoptosis. In this study, caspase-8-like (named as Cicaspase-8-like), a homologue of caspase-8, was identified in grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella). The full-length cDNA sequence of CiCaspase-8-like was 1409 bp and contained a 162 bp 5′-U...

The patient with dysmenorrhea was treated by needling at Tàichōng (太冲 LR 3), 4 times of treatment was given and the nausea, migraine and pain scale of the patient were alleviated and finally disappeared. Until the next two menstrual period, patient did not have similar complaints. The author...

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), which is produced from cyanobacteria, is the common microcystin with a serious threat to aquatic life and human beings. And the efficient removal method of MC-LR is urgent needed. In this work, the MIL-100/MIL-53 (Fe) photocatalysts, which were successfully prepared by th...

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are produced by cyanobacteria. Although being considered as a hepatotoxin and a cytotoxin, respectively, different studies have revealed neurotoxic properties for both of them. The aim of the present work was to study their cytotoxic effects, a...

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of common high-toxic biotoxins produced by cyanobacteria in waterbody. A high sensitive and convenient detection method is necessary for monitoring for MC-LR. To establish a high sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) based on si...

Irrigation of crop plants with microcystins (MCs) contaminated water could be a threat to human health via bioaccumulation. Despite the fact MCs bioaccumulation in crop plants is well documented, MCs depuration, as well as the mechanism involved remains unclear. The objectives of the present stu...

The development of rapid and in situ detection method for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) with portable, reliable, and easy to use devices are highly demanded, but it is still deficient. In this study, a portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was deve...

This study investigated the capability of ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm and 185 nm (UV/VUV) to degrade cyanotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Results showed 70% toxin reduction solely by 254 nm direct photolysis (ε 254 = 13225 ± 814 M-1cm-1; Φ254 = 0.29 ± 0.03 mol/Einstein). The addition of 18...