In this study, we synthesized new imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives containing benzothiazole group. To this end, we firstly obtained the benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio/oxy acetonitrile compounds (3a,b), the starting materials, in high yields (82% and 87%, respectively). Then, we synthesized...

The lead sulfate crystals formed on the surface of the negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries during discharge gradually grow in size as a result of recrystallization processes. The big PbSO4 crystals have low solubility and are involved but very slightly in the charge process, thus causing ...

Here, we report a new approach of on-resin peptide ligation using C-terminal benzyl ester as the stabilized precursor of thioester, which enables both N-terminal elongation and C-terminal peptide ligation on a Rink Amide resin. On-resin native chemical ligation and auxiliary-assisted peptide lig...

This review outlines the most recent papers describing the stereoselective synthesis of γ-amino acids. In this update, the γ-amino acids have been classified according to the type of compounds, position and number of substituents, and depending on the type of substrate, acyclic, carbocyclic or...

Asymmetric, potentially tetradentate ligands (H2L5, H2L6·2MeOH) are formed by subsequent condensation a 4-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazide and 4-phenyl thiosemicarbazide for H2L5, 4-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazide and 4-bromophenyl thiosemicarbazide for H2L6·2MeOH on dialdehyde (1). The mixed bis...

N-Methylimidazolium perchlorate ([MIm]ClO4) was synthesized and some of its physico-chemical properties, such as density, surface tension were investigated. A thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and solvent performance were also studied. The results show that this ionic liquid is an excellent cata...

N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl aldimines undergo nucleophilic addition reaction with premixed lithium alkynides/BF3·OEt2 to give moderate to good yields of N-bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl propargyl amines.

Crystallographic analyses and magnetic measurements for two polymorphs, the prism form and the needle form of bis [N-(4-chlorophenyl) salicylideneaminato] oxovanadium (IV) are carried out. The polymeric structure is observed for the needle form against the monomeric structure for the prism form....

The bis-phenoxo-bridged dinuclear iron(III) compound Fe2(BBPA)2F2 (H2BBPA = N,N-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) was structurally and magnetically characterized. It has distorted octahedral iron(III) centers with each iron(III) site having two cis-Fe(BBPA)F fragments that are bridg...

The observation that all the attempts to characterize imidazoline (I) receptors have been carried out with non-selective or poorly selective ligands prompted us to undertake research aimed at developing selective ligand(s). In previous work using, as a starting point, cirazoline 1, a potent α1-...

The second chapter of this book provides information about all category of six membered ring system with N and/or O and /or sulfur atom, and their benzo derivatives. These six membered heterocycles and their benzo derivatives are not only present in drugs, vitamins, natural products, biomolecule...

N-(4-[18F]-Fluoropyridin-2-yl)-N-{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-carboxamides were prepared by labeling their 4-nitropyridin-2-yl precursors through nitro substitution by the 18F anion. In vitro and in vivo tests showed that the cyclohexanecarboxamide derivative is a reversible, sel...

The circadian pacemaker in the eye of the mollusk Bulla gouldiana is located within basal retinal neurons (BRNs) that express a circadian rhythm in cell culture. Light and other depolarizing stimuli shift the phase of the pacemaker in the eye through a process that requires extracellular calcium...

The precision with which quantitative confocal ratiometric Fura-2-based calcium measurements can be performed has been investigated. A standard confocal scanning laser microscope system has been modified so as to enable excitation with the 351 nm and 364 nm lines of the UV argon laser and simult...

The photophysics of the complex forming reaction of Ca2+ and Fura-2 are investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The fluorescence decay traces were analyzed with global compartmental analysis yielding the following values for the rate constants at room tempera...

We describe a method for filling presynaptic terminals and cell dendrites in adult brain slices with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 by localized perfusion of the acetoxymethyl (AM) ester derivative. The method provides labeling selectivity, similar to that produced by intracellular mic...

We present the techniques we have used and the problems we have encountered in our laboratories in the in vivo calibration of the fluorescent Ca2+-indicator Fura-2. These techniques include the use of potentiometric methods for the precise control and determination of Ca2+ levels in bathing solu...

In the theory of measurement of calcium ion activity by determination of Fura-2 fluorescence at two excitation wavelengths, the accuracy of the result depends upon the accuracy both of the sample measurements and of the calibration measurements which are made on calcium-bound and free dye. Two f...

A new method for the determination of tissue concentrations of Fura-2 and Fura-2/AM was developed based upon acetonitrile extraction followed by RP-HPLC separation (using tetrahexylammonium as counter-ion), post-column alkaline hydrolysis of Fura2/AM, and fluorimetric detection. The detection li...

Intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) play important roles in cell functions. Measurements of intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) are often made with the fura-2 fluorescence recording technique in various preparations including neurons. Fura-2 has, however, a Ca2+-chelating action whic...