Small, ultra-red fluorescence protein (smURFP) introduces the non-native biliverdin (BV) chromophore to phycobiliproteins (PBPs), allowing them to be used as transgenic labels for in vivo mammalian imaging. Presently, no structural information exists for PBPs bound to the non-native BV chromopho...

In patients with diabetes, the hyperglycemia-driven excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative stress (OS) in a variety of tissues. OS is closely associated with chronic inflammation and has a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications. The enzymes that gene...

Lack of laboratory standards for cured tuberculosis (TB) can lead to early discharge of untreated TB patients from the hospital, resulting in increased risk of TB spread and of developing drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography couple...

Bilirubin (BR) is generated by the reduction of biliverdin (BV), a metabolite that results from the catalytic degradation of heme by the isoforms of heme oxygenase (HO). BV is nontoxic and water-soluble but BR is potentially toxic and lipophilic. Therefore, a further metabolic step is required f...

We characterize structures and electronic excitation of domains from a bacteriophytochrome-based infrared fluorescent protein carrying a covalently bound biliverdin chromophore using the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. We show that geometry optimization at the density functional t...

Electrodialysis is an interesting technique developed for recovering and purifying salts and acids from fermentation broths. In this work the concentration process of sodium lactate solutions was analyzed using a two-compartment electrodialytic unit equipped with commercial membranes (Neosepta A...

The past decade has seen great strides in high-throughput experimentation in support of chemical process development in the pharmaceutical industry. This has been driven by the need for (1) comprehensive salt and polymorph screening, (2) rapid determination of methods for chemical, and (3) chira...

BackgroundNeuroblastomas are pediatric tumors characterized by overproduction of catecholamines. The catecholamine metabolites, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), are used in clinical evaluation of neuroblastoma. Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an effective analytica...

An improved synthesis of the epinephrin metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-dl-madelic acid (HMMA), is described starting with 2-methoxyphenol and glyoxylic acid. The azo dyes derived from HMMA by condensation with the diazonium salts of p-nitroaniline and of sulphanilic acid have been prepared and ...

The enantiomeric and racemic effect of tartaric acid was studied on the properties of polysulfone (PSn) ultrafiltration membranes. Dextro-tartaric acid (d-TA) and dl-tartaric acid were used as additives in the present study. Investigation was done in terms of permeation and rejection behaviour o...

Polyethylenimine-capped silver nanoclusters (PEI-AgNCs) are being developed as fluorescent sensors because of their high fluorescence, excellent photostability and large Stokes shift. In this study, PEI-AgNCs demonstrate characteristic absorption peaks at 268 and 360 nm with the strongest blue f...

The natural variability of gastric pH or gastric acid reducing medications can result in lower and more variable clinical pharmacokinetics for basic compounds in patient populations. Progressing alternative salt forms with improved solubility and dissolution properties can minimise this concern....

The UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements of the binary systems chromium(III), chromium(VI) or peroxochromium(VI)-d-tartaric or dl-mandelic acid have been studied in aqueous media at different pH. The electronic spectra of the binary mixtures chromium(III) or p...

The anhydrous orthorhombic l-proline crystal P212121 (Z=4) was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to obtain its structural, electronic and optical properties. Optical absorption measurements were carried out as well, and the resulting absorption spectrum was compared with...

In recent years, the poly-l-proline type II (PPII) conformation has gained more and more importance. This structure plays vital roles in many biological processes. But few studies have been made to predict PPII secondary structures computationally. The support vector machine (SVM) represents a n...

In the present study, the reverse micelle of anionic (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) (AOT) and zwitterionic (3-N, N-Dimethyllaurylammonio propanesulfonate) (SB3–12) surfactants was mixed in an isooctane organic phase, and their behaviour towards solubilisation of erythromycin was inve...

Erythromycin-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM) based on solidified reverse micellar solution (SRMS) as an oral delivery formulation was studied. Hot homogenization technique was employed to prepare erythromycin stearate-loaded SLMs using blends of Softisan® 154 and Phospholipon® 90H or bee...

AimsBitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists have bronchodilatory potentials. Erythromycin is a ligand of TAS2R10, but its relaxant profile is unknown. This study was performed to understand the relaxant effects of erythromycin and its potential mechanism.

Micro/nanomotors that could convert chemical energy into autonomous motion to perform various tasks are the most active research areas in chemical engineering. Up to now, the majority of micromotors require complex procedures and expensive Pt as catalyst for propulsion, which hinder seriously th...

Macrolides are widely used antibiotics with ubiquitous occurrence in aquatic environments. Unlike many emerging contaminants, macrolides are positively charged on their amine groups and are likely to interact with negative charge groups of dissolved organic matters (DOMs), which may alter macrol...