Fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) have received more interest in the pharmaceutical industry for those categories of drug which show slow dissolution and less oral bioavailability. Nowadays various technologies have been developed for FDTs with improved patient compliance and convenience. FDTs tabl...

Paracetamol (PAR), phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) are commonly used in clinical practice as antipyretic and analgesic drugs to ameliorate pain and fever in cold and flu conditions. The present work describes the use of thermal analysis for the characterizati...

Solubility of chlorpheniramine maleate in supercritical carbon dioxide at different temperatures (308–338 K) and pressures (160–400 bar) is measured using static method coupled with gravimetric method. The measured solubility data demonstrated that the solubility of chlorpheniramine maleate wa...

The interaction between the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin (Gr) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) 1:1 large unilamellar vesicles (LVs) or bilayer fragments (BFs) was evaluated by means of several techniques. The major methods were: 1) Gr intr...

The linear ion channel peptide gramicidin represents an excellent model for exploring the principles underlying membrane protein structure and function, especially with respect to tryptophan residues. The tryptophan residues in gramicidin channels are crucial for the structure and function of th...

Gramicidin C can be purified from a mixture of gramicidins by preparative thin-layer chromatography. A maximum Rf difference, 0.24, was attained on aluminum oxide plates. The antibiotic was identified by amino acid analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and uv absorbance spectroscopy.

The present work is focused on the interaction between membrane bound gramicidin and 1-butyl-1-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium bromide (BMOP) ionic liquid. Ionic liquids (ILs) are solvents that are often liquid at room temperature and composed of organic cation and appropriate anion. The gramicidin pe...

We describe here the synthesis and biological activity study of a pair of diastereomeric analogues of Gramicidin S using β,γ-diamino acids as β-turn mimic. The synthesis of the orthogonally protected β,γ-diamino acids was achieved in 6 steps starting from d-alanine. The analogues were then ...

Unlike most transmembrane proteins, phospholipids can migrate from one leaflet of the membrane to the other. Because this spontaneous lipid translocation (flip-flop) tends to be very slow, cells facilitate the process with enzymes that catalyze the transmembrane movement and thereby regulate the...

The present work is a brief overview of technical applications of surfactant that involves membrane interactions, and surfactant-based protocols to study biological systems. Herein, we investigate the effect of ionic liquid type gemini surfactant [C12-4-C12im]Br2, (1,4-bis(3-dodecylimidazolium-1...

The development of a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method, using a mobile phase containing a mixture of anion and cation ion-pairing agents and a base-deactivated octyldecylsilyl column as stationary phase, is described for the control of all known impurities in (Z)-chlorprothixene hydro...

Two methods for spectrophotometric determination of chlorprothixene and amitryptyline hydrochlorides were proposed. One of them is based on spectral analysis of their derivative spectra. The measurement of the value at 316.0 nm of first derivative was used for construction of calibration graph f...

Sixteen patients with established postherpetic pain were treated with chlorprothixene. Several other pain problems were simultaneously treated. Chlorprothixene was found to produce a favorable pain response in most patients with postherpetic pain while failing to be of value in other clinical pa...

The aim of this study was to examine whether thioxanthine-type antipsychotics (chlorprothixene and cis(z)-flupenthixol) and phenothiazine-type antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and fluphenazine) produced spinal anesthesia. Using a rat model of intrathecal injection, we evaluated spinal anesthesia o...

Chlorprothixene (CPTX) is an antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. Although it is widely used as a tranquillizer in psychiatry, anesthesiology, pediatrics, and in general medical practice, there is a gap in knowledge regarding its occurrence and fate in the environment. Therefore, we pro...

Geometrical structure, electronic and optical properties, electronic absorption spectra, thermodynamic properties, natural charge distribution, MEP analysis, and charge transfer analysis of trans and cis structures of chlorprothixene drug have been investigated with DFT and TDDFT methods. The re...

Toxicological analyses on body tissues and interpretation of results after exhumation are a challenging task. We report five cases in which toxicological analyses had to be performed due to suspicion of homicide by chlorprothixene intoxication. Exhumations had to be carried out following post mo...

The thioxanthene antipsychotic drugs chlorprothixene and flupentixol have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase during microglia-mediated inflammatory responses cause neuronal damage, thereby contributing to various neurodegenerative ...

The analgesic activity of dothiepin (an antidepressant interacting with serotonin receptors) was studied (double-blind) in humans. A significant increase in nociceptive flexion reflex threshold and subjective pain threshold was observed after a 14-day dothiepin treatment. The effects of dothiepi...

The present study describes two simple, rapid, selective and cost-effective spectrophotometric methods for the determination of dothiepin hydrochloride (DOTH), an antidepressant drug, in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. The first method (method A) is based on the formation of yellow co...