BackgroundPreterm premature rupture of membranes complicates 2–3% of pregnancies. Many institutions have advocated for the use of azithromycin instead of erythromycin. This is secondary to national shortages of erythromycin, ease of administration, better side effect profile, and decreased cost...

Erythromycin mycelial dreg (EMD) is a bio-fermentation residue of the pharmaceutical industry that may be used as a nutrient resource. However, the contaminants present in EMD need to be considered and controlled at an acceptable level prior to utilization. In this study, heat-activated persulfa...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease characterized by chronic joint degeneration and low-grade localized inflammation. There is no available treatment to delay OA progression. We report that in human primary articular chondrocytes, erythromycin, a well-known macrolide antibiotic, had the a...

The capacity of AOT (sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) and SB3-12 (3-(N, N-dimethyldodecylammonio) propanesulfonate) mixed reverse micelle for erythromycin adsorption was assessed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips isotherm models. The kinetic of erythromycin transport was also eva...

The development and spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs necessitates the need to search for novel and effective antimicrobial agents. In the last few decades, innovative nanomaterials are attracting increasing attention and, among them, dendrimers have shown wide application in...

In the spinal cord, various 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes are involved in the modulation of motor output. Previously, we have shown that 5-HT1B receptors mediate the monosynaptic reflex depression induced by exogenously applied 5-HT that was formed from the precursor l-5-hydroxytr...

dl-5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) was conjugated to bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin with glutaraldehyde (G). These conjugates made it possible to raise specific antisera in two rabbits. Their specificity and affinity were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoc...

In two experiments involving 12- or 4-hr two-bottle preference tests, rats depleted of brain serotonin by dl-para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) injections consumed larger amounts of sucrose and had a higher preference for sucrose solutions over distilled water than vehicle-injected control animals....

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were depleted of serotonin (5-HT) by i.p. injections of dl-para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA). In a 36-hr two-bottle preference test, animals were allowed to choose between distilled water (H2O) and a solution of free base 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor of 5-HT. ...

Herein, a novel imprinted sol–gel electrochemical sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) doped with chitosan film on a carbon electrode has been developed. Prior to doped, the MWNTs have been decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles which have been coated uniformly with SiO2 layer. The...

The applicability of capillary electrophoresis for the separation of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, PG) and its related substances was investigated. The CE method proposed uses sodium phosphate 40 mM–sodium dodecyl sulfate 150 mM, pH 6.5, as a buffer. This method is as selective as that of exi...

In this work, the wet-corrosion process for the synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanowires in the anatase phase was optimized as the solid matrix in MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and the solid matrix of the TiO2 nanowires was applied to the detection of antibiotics in a daily milk sample. The i...

The current level of penicillin use and its persisting residue in livestock is potentially concerning; the toxicity of penicillin residue in heat-treated animal food products (HAFP) is yet to be elucidated. In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of benzylpenicillin G (BPG) residue in HAFP...

The application of capillary electrophoresis for separation of benzylpenicillin, procaine, benzathine and clemizole was investigated. Phosphate–borate buffer supplemented with sodium dodecyl sulphate 14.4 g/l and electrophoresis voltage 18 kV seem to provide optimal conditions for micellar elec...

A liquid chromatography method for analysis of benzylpenicillin was examined in a collaborative study involving seven laboratories. The method comprised an isocratic part, which is used in the assay. The isocratic part corresponds to the assay method for benzylpenicillin used by a manufacturer. ...

The aim was to supply information about the possibility of replacing the procaine salt with the sodium salt for benzylpenicillin IM treatment in horse in order to diminish the risk for procaine adverse effects. In a crossover study eight horses were given 15 mg/kg sodium benzylpenicillin (Na-pc)...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses Penicillin G, Potassium. Penicillin G was first crystallized at Squibb by MacPhillamy, Wintersteiner and Alicino, where the existence of sulfur in the molecule was first noted by Alicino due to its characteristic odor. The structure of benzylpenicillin was...

Some infectious diseases, such as infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses, require treatment with long-term intravenous antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, the patient is required to stay in the hospital to receive therapy, which lowers their quality of life. Establishing an outpati...

A simple, precise and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of bromhexine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide and guaiphenesin in their tablet dosage form. The chromatographic conditi...

It has been shown that Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) increases chemiluminescence intensity of bis-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of biphenylquinoxaline as a fluorophore. In this work, the effect of CPM on the intensity of chemiluminescence (CL) in t...