Fura-2 has become the most popular fluorescent probe with which to monitor dynarnic changes in cytosolic free calcium in intact living cells. In this paper, we describe many of the currently recognized limitations to the use of Fura-2 in living cells and certain approaches which can circumvent s...

The effects of intra- and extracellular pH of two polyenic derivatives of amphotericin B, N-fructosyl amphotericin B and N-fructosyl amphotericin B metyl-ester, were tested on HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Both derivatives raised the internal pH and reduced the external pH in weakly buffer...

The synthesis of N-(2-bromotetrafluoroethyl) derivatives of five-membered heterocycles containing one to three nitrogen atom(s) in the ring has been carried out. The reactions of these compounds with various sulfur-containing nucleophiles have been studied, and corresponding sulfides, sulfones a...

β-Amino-β-(pyrid-4-yl)acrylonitrile reacts with various types of reagents with variable molar ratios under different conditions to yield pyridine derivatives and condensed heterocyclic compounds containing a pyridyl moiety.

3-Hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one and a number of its perhydrogenated derivatives were prepared from the corresponding 2-hydroxycarboxamides by treatment with a formaldehyde/formic acid mixture. Thermal decomposition of the 3-hydroxymethyl derivatives led to the previously unkn...

A new strategy to prepare tetradentate or pentadentate diphenylphosphine ligands has been explored from Diels–Alder adducts of fulvenes and maleic anhydride. A tetradentate phosphine ligand, bearing a side chain allowing the formation of a bond with polystyrene resin, has been prepared in seven...

Three new series of novel alkylphosphocholine (APC) derivatives containing a cyclopentane ring near the phosphocholine head group were synthesized. In the first set of analogues, the phosphocholine head group was attached to the secondary alcohol of trans-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanol, whereas ...

Nine N-phenyl cyclic isourea derivatives of 5-aminocyclopentane-polyols were prepared conventionally and, assayed for enzyme-inhibitory activity against five sugar hydrolases. Two derivatives derived form 1L-(1,2,4,5/3)-5-amino-1-C-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetraol, and two from 1D-(1,...

From 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose, a series of highly functionalized (hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanes was easily available. In line with reports by Reymond and Jäger on similar structures, these amine containing basic carbasugars are potent inhibitors of β-D-galactosidases and, ...

A new tetraphosphine, all-cis-3-(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)-1,2,4-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentane (Ditricyp), has been synthesised in seven steps from commercially available dicyclopentadiene. The ozonolysis of dicyclopentadiene occurred first on the double bond of the bicycloheptene mo...

All-cis pentamethanolcyclopentane has been obtained in six steps by Diels–Alder condensation of maleic anhydride with (benzyloxymethyl)cyclopenta-2,4-diene, reduction of the anhydride to a diol that was protected as the acetonide. Then, ozonolysis of the double bond, followed by reduction led t...

Estrogen receptor (ER) pure antagonists such as ICI-182,780 (fulvestrant) are effective alternatives to tamoxifen (an ER antagonist/weak partial agonist) in the treatment of postmenopausal, receptor-positive human breast cancers. Structurally, these pure antagonists contain the basic core struct...

Amazon was the world's top Research and Development (R&D) firm in 2017. Its R&D investment was double that of 2015, five times that of 2012, and ten times that of 2011.Such a rapid and notable increase in R&D investment has raised the question of a new R&D definition and focus in the digita...

GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) has been widely studied in recent years for various applications, such as soil moisture monitoring, biomass analysis, and sea state monitoring. This paper presents the concept of a novel application of using GNSS-R technology for deformation monitoring. Instead of ins...

To help reduce the warming impacts, this study evaluates the drop-in performances of R-427A, R-161 and R-290 in R-22 air source heat pump with EVI (Economized Vapor Injection). The results show that the IPLV(H) of R-161 and R-290 arises 5∼8% relative to R-22 with EVI on. A reversal occurs betwe...

The rapid neutron capture process (r process) is believed to be responsible for about half of the production of the elements heavier than iron and contributes to abundances of some lighter nuclides as well. A universal pattern of r-process element abundances is observed in some metal-poor stars ...

Obesity is a major health problem characterized by accumulated fat mass. The availability of an energy-dense, highly palatable diet plays an important role in obesity development. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an orexigenic peptide, is affected by dietary composition and NPY can affect dietary preferenc...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the mammalian brain and exerts a variety of physiological processes in humans via four different receptor subtypes Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5. Y2 receptor is the most abundant Y subtype receptor in the central nervous system and implicated...

The retina is a highly complex structure where several types of cells communicate through countless different molecules to codify visual information. Each type of cells plays unique roles in the retina, presenting a singular expression of neurotransmitters. Some neurotransmitter systems in the r...

This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in almost all aspects of daily life, as w;1;ell as in developmental processes. We provide an update on novel neuropeptides ...