With average life expectancy rising greatly, the incidence rate of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has significantly increased. The heart disease has now become the number one killer that threatens the global population health, the second is stroke. It will be of great significan...

Intraventricular injections of the Y2 neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor agonist porcine NPY (13–36) (pNPY (13–36); 25–3000 pmol) produced a dose-dependent increase (up to 14%; ED50 value of 0.3 nmol for overall effects and 0.97 nmol for the peak effects) in mean arterial blood pressure in the awa...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was first purified and isolation from porcine brain in 1982, and consists of 36 amino acids. NPY is distributed in the brain, sympathetic nervous system, and adrenal gland. Five distinct NPY receptors have been cloned, namely Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and y6, as seven transmembrane G ...

Pain remains a major concern in patients suffering from metastatic cancer to the bone and more knowledge of the condition, as well as novel treatment avenues, are called for. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved peptide that appears to play a central role in nociceptive signaling in inflam...

NPY [13-36] is the first agonist reported to act preferentially at NPY Y2 receptors. Subsequently, it has been demonstrated to affect several other NPY receptors. NPY [13-36] has been used experimentally to investigate various physiological effects of NPY, especially Y2-mediated actions such as ...

Galanin(1-13)-Trp-32-neuropeptide Y(25-36)amide is a chimeric …

We previously demonstrated that the bradykinin-induced contraction of human isolated small bronchi is inhibited by indomethacin, capsaicin (N-methyl-N-6-nonenamide) and ruthenium red but not by tachykinin receptor antagonists. The thromboxane A2 receptor (TP receptor) antagonist GR32191 ((1R-(1α...

Substantial evidence is described supporting the hypothesis that bradykinin-induced synovial inflammation is dependent on the sympathetic postganglionic neuron. In addition, experimental data indicate that a sympathetic–C-fiber afferent neuron integration plays a role in acute and chronic infla...

Neuroblastoma cells were used to examine the effect of chronic exposure to increased concentrations of glucose, galactose, or l-fucose on bradykinin-stimulated intracellular calcium release using the calcium indicator fluo-3. Bradykinin caused a concentration dependent increase in the intracellu...

Bradykinin (BK)-like activity, which was detected by BK-enzyme-immunoassay, was purified from 80 ml of ureter urine of Sprague-Dawley rats by Sephadex G 25 chromatography, FPLC, and reversed phase HPLC. The purified kinin fraction showed the same retention time as authentic BK on HPLC and produc...

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in angiogenesis and stimulates the EGF-R signaling pathway. Stimulation of different endothelial cell lines with bradykinin (BK) activates the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and promotes EGF-R tyrosine phosphorylation. Increase in NO production correlated with enhan...

Coronary artery rings from juvenile male farm pigs were incubated for 6 h and precontracted with U46619. The rings relaxed in response to des-Arg9-bradykinin (pD2, 7.78 ± 0.13; Emax, 87.4 ± 4.3%) and to bradykinin (pD2, 8.69 ± 0.30; Emax, 104.2 ± 4.4%). These responses were abolished by endo...

Bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) are an important group of toxins present in Lachesis muta rhombeata venom. They act directly at renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, through the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This action may contribute to the hypotensive shock observe...

Bradykinin caused a dose-related increase in cell influx 4 h after its administration into the mouse pleural cavity (ED50=3.2 nmol/cav., 95% confidence limits=0.6–15.5). Cell influx peaked at 4 h and remained elevated for up to 72 h, whereas exudation was detected between 2 and 6 h after bradyk...

Bradykinin is a potent mediator formed upon tissue damage and inflammation. It can both excite and sensitize nociceptors to heat, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. Two types of bradykinin receptors (B1 and B2) have been identified of which the constitutive B2 receptors mediate most of the acute ...

In this study, the comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigations of Raman (RS) and infrared absorption (IR) spectra of bradykinin (BK) are presented. The ab initio Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) calculations, in the presence of water molecules that form the first coordina...

β-Flavaspidic acid-N-methylglucaminate (FLAV), the water-soluble derivative of flavaspidic acid, was absorbed from medium by isolated hepatocytes at a concentration-dependent rate. At a medium concentration of 5 mM, FLAV was absorbed at a steady state rate of 1.2 nmoles/mg of protein/min. Oxyge...

Flavaspidic acid-N-Methyl-glucaminate caused a concentration-dependent increase in oxygen consumption and decrease in ATP concentration, and an increased incorporation of 14C-oleate, 14C-octanoate and 14C-glucose into 14CO2 in isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions. Mitochondrial respiratory contro...

Displacement of fatty acids or their CoA esters from the cytosolic fatty acid-binding-protein (FABP) by β-flavaspidic acid-N-methyl-glucaminate (flavaspidic acid) shifted the flow of lactate from the lipogenic to the gluconeogenic pathway in hepatocytes isolated from livers of fed rats. Analyse...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) represents a significant challenge to the swine industry worldwide. Current control strategies against PRRSV are still inadequate and there is an urgent need for new antiviral therapies. Flavaspidic acid AB (FA-AB) is a compound derived...