This research draws on the literature on livelihood diversification that claims that artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is not exclusively a poverty-driven activity. Taking the case of the Madre de Dios (MDD) gold rush in the Peruvian Amazon, this article builds up on the notion of ‘capital...

The influence of the solvent additive 1, 8-diiodooctane (DIO) on the charge carrier recombination behaviours of poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b0] dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b] thiophenediy1]] (PTB7): phenyl-[6, 6]-C71-butyric acid methy...

Binding of high density lipoprotein (HDL) to Trypanosoma cruzi was examined because of its ability to specifically inhibit the parasite's neuraminidase. 125I-Labeled HDL bound to live and glutaraldehyde-fixed parasites equally well either at 37°C or at 4°C. Binding was saturable and inhib...

45Ca++ uptake in mitochondria and vesicles of heart and skeletal muscle was measured in the presence of a low concentration of calcium. The following results were obtained. (1) In mitochondria there was a rapid and brief Ca++ uptake if succinate was present; when ATP was added, Ca++ uptake was s...

In this study the pharmacological effects of seven semisynthetic cardenolides have been investigated and compared with those of 11 natural cardiac glycosides. These compounds are of different potency on electrically driven isolated guinea-pig atria. Their concentration response curves showed dif...

k-Strophanthin, directly acting upon the kidneys, produces a modus of urine formation capable of eliminating large amounts of fluid (edema). It is the metabolism of tubular epithelium, determining the degree of blood flow in certain capillary areas of the kidneys, that mediates such a strophanth...

1.1. The inhibitory effect of K+, Na+ and Tris on (Mg2+ + Pi)-supported g-[3H]strophanthin binding to ATPase-containing plasma membrane fragments from ox brain has been studied.2.2. Regardless of the concentration of Mg2+, Pi, K+, Na+ and Tris, the overall process for the enzyme (E)-strophanthin...

1.1. The particle which contained the (Na+ + K+)-activated enzyme system was labeled with 32P from [32P]ATP, [32P]ITP and 32Pi. The labeling from these three different sources was influenced by Mg2+, Na+, K+, and g-strophanthin.2.2. With [32P] ATP there were two kinds of labeling which differed ...

The influence of magnesium, sodium, ATP, and Pi on the reaction of the (Na+ + K+)-activated enzyme system with g-strophanthin has been investigated.Magnesium is required for the reaction, but with magnesium alone the rate of reaction with g-strophanthin is very low.With magnesium, ATP has an eff...

SummaryFresh guinea-pig auricles contain 39.4±4.2 mM of taurine per ml of intracellular water. When isolated, the auricles lose 15 per cent of their content in the Tyrode bath solution (30°C, pH 7.2–7.3, 97%O2+3% CO2) during the first hour of incubation.After 5 hours of incubation taurine con...

1.(1) [3H]g-strophanthin (ouabain) binding to (Na+ + K+)- activated ATPase from ox brain was studied as a function of the Pi concentration with the (Mg2+ +Pi)-facilitated pathway. Scatchard-type plots of bound versus bound/free g-strophanthin at equilibrium of binding resulted in curved lines. T...

Hemodynamic effects of K-strophanthin (0.005 mg/kg i.v.) were evaluated in 7 normal and in 13 non-failing coronary artery disease patients (CAD). Volumetric parameters were obtained by single plane left ventricular angiography. The indexes of “pump” function, the end-systolic pressure-volume r...

A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method was developed for the characterization of strophanthin-K, a mixture of cardiac glycosides extracted from the seeds of Strophanthus kombè. The method is based on the separation of the cardenolides using high performance liquid chromatogr...

Most of the naturally occurring steroidal sapogenins (C-23 non-substituted frameworks), possess an R configuration at the spiro C-22 center. Their C-22 epimers have become important targets in biological research. This paper describes a procedure to obtain 22S-spirostans from 22R-sapogenins and ...

β-carotene hydroxylase is known to be involved in zeaxanthin synthesis. Disruption of the crtR gene encoding β-carotene hydroxylase in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 resulted in the absence of both zeaxanthin synthesis and myxoxanthophyll accumulation in the mutant strain. A new carotenoid was det...

1.1. The effect of a single intravenous dose of Scillaren B on the blood pressures in the lesser circulation, and the clearance values for inulin and para-aminohippurate as well as sodium excretion were studied in six patients with rheumatic heart disease.2.2. Heart rate rapidly decreased, in so...

Hepatocytic morphologic changes associated with bile salt-induced choleresis have been well studied; however, changes associated with alterations in the bile salt-independent fraction of bile flow (BSIF) have not been examined. We diminished bile flow in the perfused rat liver by two means which...

Capreomycin (CAP), a cyclic peptide antibiotic, is considered to be an ideal second-line drug for tuberculosis (TB). However, in the past few years, the emergence of more CAP-resistant (CAPr) TB patients has limited its use. Although it has been reported that CAP resistance to Mycobacterium tube...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the single most serious infectious disease attributable to a single-causative organism. A variety of drugs have been evaluated for pulmonary delivery as dry powders: capreomycin sulfate has shown efficacy and was safely delivered by inhalation at high doses to human vol...

Clofazimine (CFZ) is a promising candidate drug for use in the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and checkerboard method were used to investigate potential synergies between CFZ and moxifloxacin (MOX...