The effect of synthesis conditions (sequential precipitation, coprecipitation, and sol–gel method) on the fractal structure of yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide has been investigated. It has been shown that the difference between methods manifests itself clearly in xerogel nanostructures, vi...

Pechini sol–gel method was used to prepare Y3+ ions-doped ZrO2:Dy nanocrystalline. Experimental results reveal that high-quality nanopowders with controlled particle size about 30 nm was obtained and the particles have a regular shape of spherical morphology. The concentration of yttrium is 0, ...

A graph G is k-ordered if for any distinct vertices v1,v2,…,vk∈V(G), it has a cycle through v1,v2,…,vk in order. Let f(k) denote the minimum integer so that every f(k)-connected graph is k-ordered. The first non-trivial case of determining f(k) is when k=4, where the previously best known bou...

A newly synthesized diphosphonate, difluoromethylene diphosphonate (F2MDP), was studied for its effects on bone resorption, as measured by the release of previously incorporated 45Ca. F2MDP (10 μM to 1000 μM) effectively inhibited both unstimulated and parathyroid hormonestimulated resorption,...

The first alkaline earth metal complexes of a dibenzoyl derivative of clodronic acid were prepared and characterised by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The complexes were [Mg{[Cl2C(PO2O(C(O)C6H5))2](H2O)5} · H2O] (1), [Sr2{[Cl2C(PO2O(C(O)C6H5))2]2(H2O)9} · ...

Two Mg complexes of (dichloromethylene)bisphosphonic acid disodium salt, [{Mg(H2O)6}{Mg(Cl2CP2O6)(H2O)}⋅7H2O]n (1) and [NaMg(Cl2CP2O6H)(H2O)5]n (2), were prepared and characterised by X-ray crystallography. The two compounds consist of similar one-dimensional magnesium clodronate chains; in 1, [...

Novel partial amides of clodronic acid were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their properties as bioreversible prodrugs of clodronate. The hydrolysis studies indicated that these derivatives release the parent drug via chemical hydrolysis. Monoamides were hydrolysed rapidly (t1/2=16–19 mi...

SummaryBackgroundBisphosphonates are the standard of care for reducing the risk of skeletal-related events in patients with bone lesions from multiple myeloma. The MRC Myeloma IX study was designed to compare the effects of zoledronic acid versus clodronic acid in newly diagnosed patients with m...

SummaryBackgroundBisphosphonates reduce the risk of skeletal events in patients with malignant bone disease, and zoledronic acid has shown potential anticancer effects in preclinical and clinical studies. We aimed to establish whether bisphosphonates can affect clinical outcomes in patients with...

A validated ion chromatographic method for the determination of anionic impurities in clodronic acid or disodium clodronate is described. Separations are performed by using an anion-exchange column (IonPac AS5) and a sodium hydroxide gradient. Impurities are detected by suppressed conductivity w...

Navicular syndrome, a common cause of equine forelimb lameness, is associated with pathological changes in the navicular bone. Consequently, administration of bisphosphonates (BPs) has been advocated in order to modify the rate of bone turnover. The present study aimed to assess the clinical eff...

A dose-response study of the carcinogenicity of nitroso-N-methyl-N-(2-phenyl)ethylamine was carried out in male Fischer 344 rats. The compound was given in drinking water at concentrations of 115, 28, 9·5, 3·2, 1·1 and 0·4 mg/litre. The highest concentration proved toxic leading to the early...

The preparation of random copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate (2-SEM) is described. These have been characterized by GPC, solubility measurements, titrations to determine acid content, DSC, TGA, and TGA/IR. The degradation of these copolymers has been studied by...

N-Methyl-N-phenylnitramine was rearranged in the aqueous dioxane — sulphuric acid mixture to 2-nitro- and 4-nitro-N-methylanilines. The isomer ratio was independent of the acidity within the range of −0.3 > Ho > −2.8. Some by-products were isolated and identified e.g. N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline,...

N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline (I) undergoes Fischer-Hepp rearrangement in clay microenvironment. Three different types of clays, K10-montmorillonite, KSF and bentonite clays (we found that the first two are active for this reaction) as well as cation-exchanged K10-montmorillonites are employed. In a...

A comparative study was conducted on chain transfer mechanisms in the free radical polymerization of a viscous methacrylate, viz. 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate. Two chain transfer agents were subjected to investigation: n-dodecanethiol (DDM) and bis[(difluoroboryl)diphenylglyoximato]cobalt (II) (C...

BackgroundMechanisms of homocysteine (Hcy) and its derivatives contribution to thrombosis are complex and are only partly recognized. The available data suggest that the prothrombic properties of homocysteine and its thiolactone (HTL) are not only a result of the changes in coagulation process, ...

Introduction and ObjectivesLiver cirrhosis is characterized by increased intrahepatic resistance, splanchnic vasodilation/angiogenesis, and formation of portosystemic collateral vessels. Collaterals can cause lethal complications such as gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Homocysteine is link...

The thioester homocysteine–thiolactone, a reactive metabolite of homocysteine, has been implicated in human cardiovascular disease. However, data on the levels of homocysteine–thiolactone in humans are limited, mostly due to a lack of facile and reliable assays. Here we describe a sensitive as...

Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. However, quantification of these metabolites remains challenging. Here I describe streamlined assays for these metabolites based on their conversion to H...