Fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR is used to probe intermolecular interactions in a diethylcarbamazine salt, that is widely used as a treatment against adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti which cause a common disease in tropical countries named filariasis. Specifically, a dihydrogen citrate sa...

1. lc50 of malathion, fenitrothion and lindane were determined in R. prolixus and T. infestons. R. prolixus was shown to be tolerant to malathion.2. The penetration rate of (14C)-malathion into R. prolixus and T. infestans was similar.3. Acetylcholinesterase from R. prolixus heads was 3.3-fold l...

General esterase, malathion-specific carboxylesterase, phosphotriesterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity, and target site sensitivity were compared in malathion-resistant (R) and malathion-susceptible (S) strains of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus ca...

Conditions were optimized for measuring esterase activity in midgut and fatbody of single fifth instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) using α-naphthyl acetate as a substrate. Specific activities in midgut and fatbody from Savlab, the susceptible strain, were equal when α-naphthyl ac...

The hydrolysis of malation by rabbit liver oligomeric and monomeric carboxylesterases (CE's) (EC 3.1.1.1) results in the formation of a mixture of α- and β-monoacids. A new chromatographic procedure was utilized to investigate the formation of α- and β-monoacids. The oligomeric carboxyl...

Malathion was applied to roses in three Finnish greenhouses by hand held lance sprayers. The potential dermal exposure of applicators to this insecticide was measured. Total urine production of each applicator was also collected up to 24 h post application. In the urine samples the specific meta...

The effect of the malathion impurities, isomalathion of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (OSS-Me), on the toxicokinetic behavior of [methoxy-14C]malathion in female rats was investigated. Malathion α- and β-monoacids and the diacid were the predominant metabolites in the blood of rats pretre...

Resistance in a dual malathion- and permethrin-resistant head louse strain (BR-HL) was studied. BR-HL was 3.6- and 3.7-fold more resistant to malathion and permethrin, respectively, compared to insecticide-susceptible EC-HL. S,S,S-Tributylphosphorotrithioate synergized malathion toxicity by 2.1-...

Degradation of malathion and lindane pesticides present in an aqueous solution was investigated on a laboratory scale upon gamma-irradiation from a 60Co source. The effects of pesticide group, presence of various additives and absorbed dose on efficiency of pesticide degradation were investigate...

A novel and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of malathion has been developed. The method is based on the oxidation of malathion with slight excess of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) at 30 °C where unconsumed NBS was monitored with safranine dye spectrophotometerically ...

Malathion, diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]butanedioate, is an organophosphate used to control insect pests. Malathion contains a diethyl succinate moiety that is a known functional group susceptible to desymmetrizing enzymes such as esterases that selectively react with a single e...

In this work, a versatile synthetic method for preparation of linear phenyloxazoles and their organosilicon derivatives under mild conditions via a combination of van Leusen and direct CH arylation reactions is reported. It was used for the synthesis of a novel trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of...

The Sonogashira reaction of 9-bromoanthracene and ethynyltrimethylsilane furnishes not only the anticipated 9-(trimethylsilylethynyl)anthracene and 2-(trimethylsilyl)aceanthrylene but also (E)-4-(9-anthracenyl)-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-but-3-en-1-yne, all in moderate yields. A mechanistic rationa...

We report herein, the usage of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA) and dicyclohexyl carbodimide (DCC) as two new catalysts for three component condensation of an aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea/thiourea under solvent free conditions at 100 °C to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyri...

A practical and general synthetic approach to a series of 4-aryl-but-3-en-1-ynes is described. In the presence of palladium complexes a variety of aryl bromides (or iodides) undergo coupling with two equivalents of trimethylsilylacetylene with the formation of (E)-4-aryl-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)b...

Fourteen ionic liquids (ILs) were obtained and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infra-red spectroscopy. One of these liquids, n-butylammonium acetate, was used in the treatment of coir fiber prior to acid hydrolysis. For this purpose, the fiber was pulped with 8% (w/w) sodium hydr...

Nano-sized metal particles have been actively investigated. Although the synthesis methods of nano-sized metal particles have been made remarkable progress through many researches, in many cases, heat treatment is required. In order to promote industrial utilization, non-heating, simple and inex...

An efficient and practical organocatalytic system comprising 3-hydroxypyridine and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide was developed for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides under mild conditions (1 atm CO2, 25–60 °C) without organic solvent. By comparing with related h...

The spectrophotometrical behavior of pyridinium N-phenolate betaine dye used as a solvatochromic indicator of solvent polarity is studied in binary mixtures of tetra-n-butylammonium glycinate and tetra-n-butylammonium l-alaninate with molecular solvents such as acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and 1...

A remarkable feature of organic salts is easy reorientation of organic groups, especially in high-temperature phases. It would be expected that the reorientational motion of organic groups promotes also ion transport processes within the crystal structure. In this work thermal and transport prop...